Nanggroe Aceh - History of the birth of the Free Aceh Movement Hasan Tiro was born on December 4, 1976. But actually the history of Aceh Merdeka or Gerakan Aceh Merdeka was only established on May 20, 1977. Hasan Tiro picked the birthday of GAM on the earliest, with the proclamation of Aceh Sumatra's independence. This proclamation was held in Bukit Cokan, inland Tiro sub-district, Pidie. This procession is done simply, done in a hidden place, indicating that at first, this movement is a quiet underground movement. Along with the proclamation of independence, Hasan Tiro also announced the government structure of the State of Aceh Sumatra. However, the cabinet was not functioning until mid-1977, the problem being that members of the cabinet generally still mingled with the wider community for campaigning and preparation for guerrilla warfare. The Aceh State Cabinet of Sumatera was only able to hold its first session on August 15, 1977. The inauguration ceremony and the collection of cabinet members were held on October 30, 1977 at Lhok Nilam camp in the Tiro hinterland, Pidie. His own cabinet at that time, consisted of only a few people: President (Hasan Muhammad Tiro), Prime Minister (Dr.Muchtar Hasbi), Deputy Prime Minister (Teungku Ilyas Leube), Minister of Finance (Muhammad Usman), Minister of Public Works (Ir.Asnawi Ali), Minister of Transportation (Amir Ishak BA), Social Minister (Dr.Zubir Mahmud) and Minister of Information (M. Tahir Husin).
The history of the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) does not specify a detailed description of chronologically detailed events related to events around this proclamation. But it is more interesting to describe the birthplace and the motives that gave birth to this event. Unlike the human birth that can be ascertained from a single cause, namely the process of procreation, the birth of GAM as an event is not caused by a single factor but a multifactor. There are various opinions that have clarified some of the things that are causing this event...!!
First, the history of the Free Aceh Movement, Hasan Tiro, is that GAM is a continuation of struggle or at least related to the history of Darul Islam (DI) Aceh that had previously erupted in the 1950s. This thesis, supported by Isa Sulaiman who assesses the relationship of GAM with DI, because the problem of DI is not solved completely. The support of DI leaders in the early days of GAM strengthened the thesis that there was an unfinished effort on integration built by Sukarno to complete DI / TII's revolt Daud Beureueh. However, the authors believe that this thesis is weak because although it has some relevance, but the evidence that GAM is not continuing the ideology of Islam as the basis of the struggle and favoring Acehnese nationalism as its policymaking issue is a clear antithesis to abort this opinion.
Second, the history of the birth of Free Aceh Movement Hasan Tiro due to economic factors, which in the form of injustice and economic imbalance between the center and the region. The New Order's centralized government caused considerable disappointment especially among the Acehnese elite. In the Soeharto era, Aceh received 1% of the national income budget, while Aceh contributes 14% of the national GDP. Too many cuts are done by the center working on the production from Aceh. Most of Aceh's wealth is devoured by policy makers in Jakarta. Increasing the level of oil production produced by Aceh in the 1970s and 1980s with a value of 1.3 billion US Dollars did not improve the socio-economic and cultural life of Aceh and Adat Aceh in the public order.