The protein content of the seeds is also relatively high (ca. 33 g/
100 g) with the main component being 3S storage protein, a water so-
luble albumin (Hanssen & Schmitz-Hübsch, 2011). It has high potential
to be used in protein concentrate production since it still contains high
amounts of proteins. Moreover, the derived protein concentrate can be
further used for producing protein hydrolysate due to its high level of
cysteine, tyrosine, threonine and tryptophan, which have a major effect
on antioxidant activities (Rawdkeun, Murdayanti, Ketnawa, &
Phongthai, 2016). Protein hydrolysate involves the breakdown of protein by enzymes into small fractions that can be easily absorbed in the
human body, unlike proteins that are intact. However, enzymes extracted from animals pose a major problem for certain consumers who
oppose animal-use on ethical, moral, or religious grounds. Due to the
increased demand for natural food products, the use of plant-source
enzymes, such as crude papain extract from papaya latex and Calotropis
protease from Calotropis procera, could be viable alternatives and be
very helpful for use in protein hydrolysate preparation.