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; For the valuable support academician - scientist, for this occasion I have them, since it is the reproduction and cycle of life of the moss in my orchard urban (house), located in the parish Santa Barbara, of the municipality Columbus of the state Zulia, since moss, it constitutes the class of briófitos best adapted to the terrestrial life, one finds in all the places, receiving the rough crust, ground and other surfaces, filling cracks of the rocks or upholstering the rocks undresses for saying it that way, they protect the soil against the cooling, it preserves and increases the porosity and the permeability of the same one, and they help to enrich the vegetable ground of a fecund topsoil. The group of the briofitas includes to moss also to the class hepatic, his seemed with the green seaweed (moss they need theirs theirs water to reproduce and have the same pigments, that the seaweed), it is thought that the mosses were the first terrestrial plants, they are characterized by his slow growth and his simple structure, since it has real neither stems, nor roots, nor sheets, nor vascular textile, that present a vital cycle with alternation of generations heterofásica and heteromórfica, the gametófito develops gametangios, anteridios and arquegonios.
Photo taken and edited for@chetoblackmetal.
Habitat of the mosses.
Since they cannot stay straight, the mosses cresen to evenness of the soil and are small size, they can live in almost all the ambiences but need moisture, not to be dehydrated, owed that lack an external impermeable layer, need good conditions to reproduce. They grow in the humid and shaded zones.
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Parts of a moss.
To be able to observe and to distinguish the parts of a moss, this debit to look across a magnifying glass and then observes the following parts that it is possible to distinguish:
• The rizoides, which are a few hairs, which go out of the low ends of the filaments and hold you plant it to the soil.
• A few thin filaments of few centimeters, which realize the function of stem.
• A few minuscule sharp-pointed sheets where the moss, it can absorb the water and where the photosynthesis is carried out. This sheet wraps the filaments.
• on not having possessed vascular textiles, they have a group of cells, which entrusts itself of trasportar the sap and the substances prepared in the photosynthesis.
• Posed arquegonios, they are the sexual feminine organs of the moss, it has form of bottle and in them the feminine sperm cells appear.
After having a reference of the moss and his characteristic, we will see how fond of several farmings in my orchard.
Causes.
As the crecen in the humid and shaded zones, forming a layer or upholstering in the zone of the farming, because this helps to generate a humid and quilted layer, on which the rest of vegetable species develop; the mosses are capable of retaining 20 times his weight in water, also they are good to lodge insects, which can affect to the farming crenado fungi, and plague affect directly to the farming, also it makes possible, that alters the level of pH of the soil, and increased his acidity in the ground, that's why in some married the color amrillos in some farmings.
The recommendations, to be removing the ground so that it drains the water and the farmings absorb better the nutrientes, also to control the risk and the water quantity that truly I needed the farming to avoid the reproduction of moss another type of briofitas.
On the other hand to look for strategic place to sow so much with light and shade of way balanced for the care of the plants.
Good grass (Mentha spicata), observe that a small colony of moss persists and altering the pH of the ground for the moisture, that's why the yellow color of the good grass.
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Lazy garlic (Allium ampeloprasum), also there is observed a small quantity of moss, which does not allow the correct growth of this farming of an ideal way.
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Melon (Cucumis melo), for this case it causes, the presence of fungi on the plants.
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Purple basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum), for this case it causes, the presence of fungi on the plants and also it affects his growth, despigmentación for the absence of nutrientes, I her placed from three point of view, to see the moss better.
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A few of the species of moss more well-known is the Tortula muralis, which grows on rocks, walls, the talos scarcely reach them 2cm, and it is very resistant to the dryness of the soil.
The presence of moss in the soil, does that the function erosiva of the rainwater diminishes, since you fluff up one, retains part of this water supporting the moisture in the superficial layers of the soil. The rizoides of the moss, which live in rocks do, that you erode this one and can penetrate in them the water, when the moss dies, his rest they decompose and mix with the eroded rock, forming a new soil, as this soil increases, Superiors can install to themselves plant, that's why it is recommended to be removing periodically the ground to the surroundings of the farmings to avoid this type of briofitas and to have a better control on the farming.
Consulted bibliography.
Eva L. Decker and Ralf Reski (2007): " moss bioreactors production of improved biopharmaceuticals. » Current opinion in Biotechnology 18, 393-398.
Goffinet, Bernard; Guillermo R. Dollar (2004). Systematical of the Bryophyta (Moss): from molecules to a checked classification. Monographs in Systematical Botany. Systematical Molecular of Bryophytes (Missouri Botanical Press of Garden) 98: 205-239.
Botany. McGraw-Hill. (2004).
Volume 40, Question 3, September, 2018, the Page 197-222. A review taxonómica of Oligotrichum Lam. * current continues. (Polytrichaceae) in the Sino-Himalaya.
CUTLER, D.F. 1987. Vegetable Applied anatomy. Ed. Agricultural bookstore S.A. Buenos Aires.
NAEF, J. 1999. Histologie et Anatomie of l'appareil végétatif give Spermatophytes. Editions give Conservatoire et Garden botaniques. Geneve.
Strasburger. 2004. Treated about Botany. 35th. ed. Omega. Barcelona.
Guide of the Real Botanical Garden of Madrid. C.S.I.C. Madrid, 1991.