AURORA.
Aurora is phenomenon gleam blazing at the layer ionosphere of a planet as a result of the interaction between the magnetic field owned the planet with charged particles emitted by the Sun (solar wind). in the Earth, Aurora occur in the area around the North pole and the South pole magnetiknya. Aurora that occur in the area North known by the name of Aurora Borealis, named bersempena goddess dawn ROM, Aurora, and Greek name to the North wind, boreas. this is because in Europe, Aurora often seen reddish in the Horizon North as if the Sun will rise of that direction. Aurora Borealis always going on between September and October and March and April. phenomenon Aurora South known as Aurora Australis have properties similar. supposedly said Mbah-champion examining the ionosphere, natural phenomena in the upper atmosphere first observed is Aurora. it you know the emergence of Rays colorful shape kinds. there is a curved, line, such as sheet, etc. that looks at night in the Sky. according legends Greek and China, Aurora it is considered as the appearance of the gods / ruler of the universe. Aurora own actually make curious people since the 1500's. some of the theory of Aurora provided by some experts. Edmund Halley successful predict the emergence of comet never give the theory that Aurora the water vapor aqueous tersublimasi by heating with contained also sulfur will result in sparkle Rays colorful in the atmosphere. year 1746, Leonard Euler (Switzerland) States that the Aurora is particles of the Earth's atmosphere beyond threshold limit due to light the Sun and the next rise to a height of several thousand miles. in polar regions particles this will not be dispersed due to the rotation of the Earth. third person who tried to explain the Aurora is Benjamin Franklin. Pak Benjamin say that the Aurora related to the circulation in the atmosphere. further Pak Ben explained that the atmosphere in polar regions thicker / weight and lower than in the equator because style sentrifugalnya (style due to the rotation) smaller. elektrisitas (electrical) brought cloud to polar regions will not be able to penetrate the ice so it will be lost passing atmospheric bottom then vacuum heading to the equator. elektrisitas will look more powerful in the area high latitudes and vice versa in the latitude of low. thing that's what will seem as Aurora Borealis. actually over one hundred and Fifty years many other theories of Aurora this, among other things that Aurora occurs because reflectance Sun by particles ice, reflection Sun by cloud, water vapor containing sulfur, combustion air flammable, radiant magnetic particles, dust meteor burning a result of friction with the atmosphere, thunderstorm, electric arise between the two poles. around 1800's characteristics Aurora start known. a British scientists named Cavendish managed to calculate the height of Aurora between 52 s.d 71 miles (83 km s.d 113,6 km). 1852 note that there is the relationship between activity geomagnet, Aurora, and sunspot where the frequency and amplitude of the three fluctuate with period almost the same ie 11 annual. 1860, Elias Loomis managed to make the diagram showing the area with the incidence of Aurora most. of finding it is known that it turns out Aurora related to the Earth's magnetic field. Angstrom, a Swedish scientist, in 1867 successfully measurement of the spectrum-spectrum of Aurora. research Aurora increasingly find a bright spot when a British physicist j.j. Thomson managed to find the electron and the physician Sweden Kristian birkeland States that the Aurora caused by the light of the electron emitted the Sun. when the electrons it down to Earth will be influenced by the Earth's magnetic field, and carry over to the area high latitudes and there was Aurora. Aurora borealisdi on Lake bear, Alaska Aurora is natural phenomena that resembles gleam blazing at the layer ionosphere of a planet as a result of the interaction between the magnetic field owned the planet with charged particles emitted by the Sun (solar wind). in the Earth, Aurora occur in the area around the North pole and the South pole magnetiknya. Aurora that occur in the area North known by the name of Aurora Borealis (natural science / ɔɹɔɹə bɔɹiælɪs /), named bersempena goddess dawn ROM, Aurora, and Greek name to the North wind, boreas. this is because in Europe, Aurora often seen reddish in the Horizon North as if the Sun will rise of that direction. Aurora Borealis always going on between September and October and March and April. phenomenon Aurora South known as Aurora australismempunyai properties serupa.tapi sometimes Aurora appear on the Mountain peaks in tropical climate
Picture Collections.
Process.
Some important things related to the formation of aurora are:
The magnetic field of a planet, (in this case the earth) The solar wind, is a flow of charged particles (ie plasma), which spreads in all directions from the outer atmosphere of the sun (corona), composed of high-energy electrons and protons, the gravity of a star, because its heat energy is very high. Plasma is an ionized type of gas particles. Generally, the gas is uncharged, but because the extremely hot temperature in the sun causes the ionized particles to form plasma, usually in the event of increased solar jet activity. Interactions of Earth's atmospheric particles with charged particles from the sun (plasma), then when approaching the earth's magnetic field (centered in the north and south poles) then the plasma will be attracted to the poles of the earth, when it encounters the Earth's atmospheric particle electron relaxation occurs so that the beautiful color of the electrons. In other words, the solar wind that carries the plasma radiation close to the earth, then the plasma is attracted or diverted to the center of the earth's magnet (north and south poles), when the plasma meets the Earth's atmospheric particles there is an interaction between the two so as to illuminate the beautiful color, that Aurora .
This aurora phenomenon is associated with the Earth's magnetic or magnetosphere magnetic field and the emergence of danger activity from the Sun. The stronger and longer auroras, the more powerful the disturbance of the Sun known as solar storms. The Sun Storm is a cycle of powerful blasting activity from the peak of sunspot activity, usually every 11 years will enter the period of solar storm activity. While the disturbance that occurs in the Earth's magnetic field, called a magnetic storm (magnetic storm). This sudden change of magnetic field causes the charged particles in the atmosphere to increase or change direction (eg in the ionosphere). Aurora can also appear when there is an advanced phenomenon in the magnetosphere known as magnetic sub-storm. This event raises the oval aurora at the Earth's poles symmetry with each other. Although this phenomenon has been suspected by experts for a long time, new observational evidence was obtained in 2001 through NASA satellite observations.
Location and time.
The role of large magnetic fields in the occurrence of aurora causes aurora most commonly occurs in areas around the north pole and magnetic south poles, and very rare in the equator. The famous Aurora is Aurora Borealis (at the north pole) and Aurora Australis (at the south pole)
Aurora borealis is most often seen in Fairbanks, Alaska, and several locations in Eastern Canada, Iceland and Northern Scandinavia. Aurora australis is most rarely seen because this aurora usually looks bright in rare areas. Aurora australis is often seen in Australia in the 11-year cycle of solar activity. The maximum sun points took place in 2000.Aurora Australis was seen in Tasmania.
In addition to location, weather and pollution, light also affects the quality of the aurora. In Alaska, the best time to see aurora is in March and September to late October. At that time the sky was dark and the weather was very bright. In summer, the night sky is not too dark. Conversely in winter, the air becomes too cold to disturb the comfort of those who want to observe it. Aurora comes in many different forms. The appearance is fickle, The most beautiful stage is at midnight. Aurora also form light bands of various colors, usually in green, yellow, blue or deep red. The colors produced are due to collisions of particles and different molecules or atoms. The color seen depends on the altitude and type of molecules present in the atmosphere . High-energy electrons and protons move downward toward Earth's magnetic field and collide in atmospheres that contain mostly oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The result of these collisions are the atoms and molecules in the excited atmosphere to a higher energy level. The colors we see in the aurora depend on the gas in the atmosphere that collides with the charged particles carried by the solar wind.
There are two major gases in the atmosphere that are most influential in the formation of auroral light:
Oxygen, can produce two main colors of aurora, which is green-yellow which has a wavelength of 557.7 nm, this color is most often seen, and red which has a wavelength of 630 nm, but this color is rarely seen. Nitrogen, which in ionized state will produce a light blue color. In neutral circumstances, nitrogen molecules produce a purplish red color.