The myth of Osiris is at the heart of the Pharaonic religion. This story, forged in the earliest times, was reported to us by a Greek writer, Plutarch.
The history of Egypt begins with Atum, the sun. He had created himself on leaving the great primordial ocean, the Nun. Atum created Shou, deity of the air and Tefnut, deity of moisture and clouds. Shou and Tefnut formed the first divine couple. On Re Jealous's order, Shou separated Geb and Nut (the earth and the sky) to end their embrace.
Nut and Geb had two sons, Osiris and Seth, and two daughters, Isis and Nephtys. Osiris was the first pharaoh and reigned with his wife Isis in peace and wisdom. Osiris, the god-king and man, was of boundless wisdom and goodness. He gathered the nomadic tribes, taught them irrigation to push the limits of the desert, the cultivation of wheat to make flour and bread, the vine to make wine, barley to make it beer, metal mining and their work.
With Thot's help, he taught them the art of writing and drawing. His mission accomplished, he left his companion Isis on the throne and left for the East (Mesopotamia) to continue his education across the borders. On his return, Seth jealous of the glory of his brother developed a trap. At a divine banquet, he promised to offer a marvelous sarcophagus to the most comfortable deity inside. The gods tried it. Naturally, made to the dimensions of the green god (Osiris), it felt particularly good. Seth took the opportunity to lock him in the sarcophagus and flung it to the river. Osiris drowned, Seth could then sit his domination on the double country. Upon learning that Isis was looking for her husband's body, he went into a rage, cut off the deceased in fourteen pieces, and scattered it all over Egypt. Isis, overcome with grief, went in search of her beloved husband. Helped by a divine inspiration, she manages to find all the pieces except the phallus swallowed by an indelicate fish. Abattue Isis cried, by a miracle (and with the help of Anubis) she gave him the breath of life and sexual means.
Osiris then ascended to heaven but left a son Horus. As an adult, and after a long uncertain struggle, Horus succeeded in finally overthrowing Seth, Horus was recognized as the throne of Egypt and took over the work of his father. Thus, Osiris retreated forever into darkness and became the ruler of the realm of the dead, Seth was given the dark side of the world and Horus the throne of Egypt. Horus became the first pharaoh of Egypt. His descendants, the pharaohs, precede their name by a name called Golden Horus name thus marking this divine lineage.