Today, the periodicisation used in practice is based on pedagogues, psychologists, philosophers, and so on. on the changes in the human psyche and the age at which they occur. More than 2,000 years ago, Plato and Aristotle used their ideas about the essence of psyche as a fundamental foundation for age-based periodization. This tendency has been preserved to our present day, and current contemporary theories of periodization of the human life cycle are based on the latest developments in psychology.
According to the Greek thinker Plato, all children aged 3 to 6 should be collected in a designated playground, and specially prepared women follow the line and lead the games. From the age of 6 to 12, children had to go to a state-owned place to learn to write, think, play musical instruments. Aristotle suggested that children under the age of seven must play games of age appropriate for their age, listen to stories and tales. Society has controlled games and fairy tales. The first educational degree in human society is the elementary school, which has been formed in a dramatic way. Duration is 3 to 4 years: from 6 to 7 to 10 - 11 years of age. until the beginning of sexual maturation. The rationale is that at certain times of age the psyche changes and changes from one state to another. The transition takes place quickly - within a few months. Historically, education levels have been formed. Age limits are moments of change in mental qualities. The periods of development of the psyche are the ages of psychological development.
Thus, the periodicity of mental development is as follows: - young age - the first year of life; - early age - the second and third years of life; - pre-school age - from the beginning of the fourth year until the entrance to school at the age of 6 - 7; - primary school age - from school to the beginning of sexual maturation (6-7 to 10-11 years of age); - adolescence - period of sexual maturation (approximately 10-11 years of age 14-15 years of age or 5th to 8th grade); - Early youth age - the end of sexual maturation until legal maturity reaches 18 years of age. The theory of this periodization is called cultural-historical, theory of the development of the psyche - Lev Vigotski and other Russian authors. According to theory, at each and every moment, the nervous system and the psyche reflect only individual components of the whole environment and everything that is perceived by the senses. Each period is optimal for building a certain mental quality corresponding to the given period. Behavior is also focused on building the quality, and therefore typical behavior over a period of development differs from typical behaviors in another period. The typical behavior during each period of the development of the psyche is called the "leading activity" and it builds the typical qualities of the psyche for this age period.