The civilization of ancient Egypt is a civilization that originated in the north-eastern part of Africa and concentrated on the banks of the Nile. This civilization, when King Mena united Upper and Lower Egypt in three thousand and one hundred and fifty years BC, later evolved over the course of the three millennia to include a series of stable kingdoms at first, followed by periods of instability in its intermediate stages. Ancient Egyptian civilization peaked at the height of the modern state, followed by periods of slow gradual decline, which led to the attack and weakening of a number of foreign forces until the end of the rule of the Pharaohs after the invasion of the Roman Empire of their state, and converted into one of the vast Roman provinces. Factors of the Ancient Egyptian Civilization Egypt has enjoyed many important factors that led to the birth of a very important civilization. It has been considered one of the most important civilizations that have ever existed on earth. Many factors contributed to this civilization and its prosperity over centuries. The most important of these factors is its geographical location: Egypt is located at the confluence of the three continents of the world: Africa, Asia and Europe, which facilitated its communication with the continents of the ancient world and the civilizations it carried out at the time, in addition to its influence and influence. On an important Bahrain The Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and was considered at the time the heart of the ancient world, in addition to being a link between many of its locomotives. The great Nile River: A very important factor in the formation of the ancient Egyptian civilization and the existence of the Great Nile River, and the importance and secret of this river in the natural composition of him, which is characterized by the rush from the south to the north carrying the silt and water, and this led to the transformation of Egypt Committee The ancient Egyptians' efforts contributed to this. They exploited the water of the river, cut down the canals and set up standards, built dams and built bridges. In addition to the above, the river flooding was preferred in the unity and solidarity of the ancient Egyptians, in order to guard the flood waters and build bridges, and always work side by side in order to preserve the safety of their land, in addition to their exchange of crops, And the Nile. It was also the cause of the ancient Egyptians 'interest in shipbuilding. This facilitated the Egyptians' continuing contact with each other and increasing their cohesion, in addition to the spread of their civilization in their neighboring countries, hence the influence and influence of that civilization. The temperate climate of the Nile Basin contributed to the increase in the activity of the Egyptians and the alertness of their minds. This climate was characterized by its dryness, which contributed to preserving the ancient Egyptian monuments. The diversity of the climate of the region led to the diversification of agricultural crops that led to the prosperity of Egyptians and their desire for life. Natural borders of Egypt. Egypt's mineral wealth.