Impression
The conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Muslims led to nearly 700 years of period in which the region was recognized as the al-Andalus region. The region is dominated by Islamic governments with only a few immutable little Christian nations in a barren mountainous region north of the Iberian peninsula. In the year 756 Abd Al-Rahman I, a survivor of the newly ousted Umayyad dynasty, (by the Abbasid dynasty), had seized power at Al-Andalus. Khalifah Abd Al-Rahman pioneered a free reign in the eternal Al-Andalus so that the 11th century. Al-Murabitun dynasties (1002 AD) and Al-Muwahhidun (1138 AD) followed that in 1269 AD witnessed the emergence of the Marinid dynasty as a ruling dynasty. The Islamic state of Al-Andalus subsequently split into small amines (Taifa) who fought their own neighbors and also with the Christian side who ran the Reconquista until 1492 when the last Muslim state, the Caliph of Granada, fell to Christianity.
Under the Islamic rule, Hispania, an area that once became the pride of the Roman Empire and which for 200 years has suffered economic and cultural deterioration under the Visigothsadministration, again reached the muddle.
Cordoba, Amir's mother country or government, with a population of up to 100,000 people, bigger than any city in Europe. The Amir library contains 400,000 manuscripts of books, which are more likely than the collection of books throughout Europe in those days. While copyists of European manuscripts were forced to copy and reproduce-copying very few classic texts, Islamic scholars introduced Arabic-Hindu, high-mathematical numbers and new medical techniques to Europeans. Many engineering techniques were introduced to Spain in the era of Al-Andalus so that the region attracted the attention of Europeans with the sophistication of the lives of its inhabitants. Al-Andalus residents bathed in hot water in lay-bed houses while the Europeans "did not wash themselves and only bathed occasionally with cold water." The life of the Spanish was changed by the introduction of new herbs such as cotton, tin, spinach and pots, whose crops all evolved with the use of novel saliran techniques.
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