The decline of the honey has gained the attention of the international community over the past two decades. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies have decreased by 25% over the 20 in Europe and 59% in 60 years in North America. In these parts, many bumblebee populations have become locally extinct. The loss of bee hives costs beekeepers an estimated $2 billion in the United States while bees are responsible for pollinating $200 billion dollars’ worth of food products. Bees are also responsible for pollinating over 70% of the food we find in supermarkets. Foods such as: nuts, fruits and vegetables are dependent on the pollination of the honey bee. The meat industry would also be affected as the feed given to livestock relies bees too.
Our existence depends on the honey bee. Without the pollination of plants and trees from honey bees our food choice would be severely limited. While there are a few reasons as to why the honey bee is in decline, many sources blame climate change, this article will identify some of the main causes for why the honey bee is declining and what can be done about it.
Pesticides
Much of the declining numbers of bees and other wild pollinators is occurring in north western Europe and North America. This is due to pesticides. In fact, the use of pesticides plays the largest role in the decline of bee population. Studies from Harvard University showed that when bees were exposed to two neonicotinoids it would lead to half of the bee hives being studied dying. The control group in the experiment which was not exposed to neonicotinoids remained healthy with none of the hives dying off. Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides making their use even more devastating to bee populations.
By buying organic produce you can, not only eliminate reduce the amount of insecticides and pesticides you ingest through the food you eat but you will also be encouraging farmers to stop treating their crops with insecticides.
Varroa mite
The varroa mite is a small red mite which attaches itself to honey bees. It sucks their blood and it some cases it can spread a disease called varroosis. This mite can only reproduce in honey bee colonies. A significant varroa mite infestation will lead to the death of the entire bee colony. This pest has been attributed to colony collapse disorder in bees.
Plant diversity
Most of the honey that you will find in your super market is produced by beekeepers with a large number of hives. These beekeepers will work with farmers and people who work in the field of agriculture. Plants which have been pollinated by bees produce a larger yield when they have been pollinated therefore food producers are only too happy to have bee hives on their land. However, the farmers tend to specialise and produce few kinds of foods. A farmer may only grow strawberries or he may only produce almonds. As a result, the bees who are pollinating the farmer’s land are restricted to one main source of nectar an pollen. Bees do not fly further than a range of 3km from their hive. On a large farm they are almost forced to pollinate one type of plant.
This means that they do not get much diversity of pollen and nectar in their hive. This is comparable to humans only eating one kind of food. We need a varied diet to be healthy. The same goes for bees. Farmers and beekeepers in Europe have had success in reducing the number hive losses by have a piece of land on the farm which is dedicated to wild flower and giving the bees an alternative source of nectar and pollen.
Wifi signals
Studies have shown that phone signals can have an effect on bees. When mobile phones were placed in or near a bee hive and the phone received a call or made a call it resulted in the bees creating 10 times more noise than they normally would. This increase in noise is a signal used by the bees to communicate that they should leave the hive. When the bees created this noise as a result of the mobile phone signals and left the hive they would fly erratically as they were confused and disorientated.