Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) - a great Russian poet, prose writer, playwright. The author of immortal works in verse and prose: novels Eugene Onegin, Dubrovsky, famous poems Ruslan and Lyudmila, "Caucasian captive", "Queen of Spades" and many others, as well as fairy tales for children.
Alexander Pushkin was born on June 6 (in the old style on may 26), 1799 in Moscow in the family of an untitled noble family. The great-grandfather of the poet's mother was African Abram Petrovich Hannibal, who was a pupil and servant of Tsar Peter I.
In the family, except Alexander Sergeyevich had a few children - son Leo and daughter Olga. From 1805 to 1810 Pushkin spent a lot of time (especially in summer) with his grandmother in the village of Zakharov near Moscow. The grandmother hired Arina Yakovlev, the nurse that fell in love with the young Pushkin.
Education and the beginning of a creative way
In 1811 Pushkin studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. In the biography of Pushkin, it is important to highlight that for the first time his poems appear in print in 1814, in the journal "Bulletin of Europe", where his poem "to a friend-a poet"is published. In the same period, the poet is accepted in the literary society "Arzamas".
Voltaire and Evariste Guys were favorite authors young Pushkin.
The works of such classics of Russian literature as Batyushkov, Zhukovsky, Fonvizin and Radishchev had a great influence on the further work of the young Pushkin.
See also: Yesenin biography
Pushkin graduated from high school in 1817, and graduated in the rank of collegiate Secretary of the 12th class, after which he was appointed to the College of foreign Affairs.
The work of the poet
In 1819 Pushkin was accepted as a member of the literary and theatrical community "Green lamp". In the same period he was actively working on the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" (1820).
In 1821, Pushkin wrote the poem "the prisoner of the Caucasus", which makes him one of the greatest writers among his contemporaries. A year later, work on "Eugene Onegin" (1823-1832).
In 1832, the poet plans to create a historical novel about the times of Pugachev, for which he studies all the available materials (many of them are classified at that time), travels around many places where the uprising took place. After all these trips, in the autumn of 1833 he wrote "the story of Pugachev" and "Songs of Western Slavs", as well as the poem "Angelo" and "the bronze horseman", began work on the story "the Queen of spades". At the same time, Pushkin begins work on the novel "Dubrovsky", in which the main character has to become a robber.
Links
Political lyrics of Pushkin in 1817-1820 ("Liberty", "to Chaadayev", "Village") aroused the anger of Alexander I, and Aleksand Sergeevich could be exiled to Siberia. Only thanks to the efforts and influence of Karamzin, Zhukovsky and Krylov exile in Siberia was avoided. So, in may 1820 Pushkin, under the guise of official movement, was sent to the South of Russia.
During the southern exile Pushkin was very fond of Byron's work.
In one of his letters, Pushkin ironically spoke about religion. The letter was intercepted and reported to Alexander I. the result was the dismissal of Pushkin from service and his second exile in the village of Mikhailovskoye (1824-1826).
Personal life
In 1830 Pushkin Wed to Natalia Goncharova, and on February 18 (March 2, old style) 1831 Pushkin and Goncharova were married in Moscow. In spring, the couple moved to Tsarskoye Selo, where they rented a cottage. In 1836, the family had four children.
The last years of life
It is important to note that in the biography of Alexander Pushkin after raising him to the rank of camera-Junker, he decides to leave the service and resigns. The position of the poet looks at all disastrous, because many of Pushkin's works are not allowed to print because of censorship (for example, the poem "the Bronze horseman").
In 1834, Pushkin appends the story "Queen of spades", which is immediately sent to the magazine"Library for reading." For the story he gets a high fee, but to solve financial issues and fails.
In 1836, Alexander Pushkin decided to publish the magazine "Contemporary". However popular among the audience of the magazine does not use. In the fourth volume of the magazine was first published a historical novel "captain's daughter".
In 1837 between Alexander Pushkin and Georges Dantes there was a conflict. Pushkin causes Dantes to a duel, and as a result receives a mortal wound in the stomach.
Emperor Nicholas I, knowing about the serious condition of the poet, promises to ensure the prosperity of the family and pay all debts. Subsequently, the monarch has fulfilled all the promises. The poet died on January 29 (February 10), 1837.