Aceh (Dutch: Atchin or Acheh, English: Achin, French: Achen or Acheh, Arabic: Asyi, Portuguese: Achen or Achem, Chinese: A-tsi or Ache) now known as the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Bahasa Indonesia Khmer Malk language is a Malay proto language with other language terms used for the Aneuk Jameidan, Central, Southeast, and Eastern languages using the Gayo language for the part of the country in the Indonesian language. In the same way as the southern Klut ethnic group using the Klutidur language in Simeulue using the Simeulue language will limit each dialectable language. The Acehnese language, for example, is speaking with few figures in Aceh Besar, in Pidie, and in Aceh Utara. Similarly, in Gayo there is Gayo Lut, Gayo Deret, and Gayo Lues dialect and other groups of Singkil in the southeast (Tanoh Alas) using the Singkil language. Other histories can be accessed from the saga of Aceh, the saga of Aceh and the saga of saga, originating from the narrative history which later appeared in the script of Jawi script (Jawoe).
Nevertheless, the history of the narrative refers to Prof. Ibrahim Alfian that the script Hikayat Sabil War has many versions and one with another with the script Saga Hikayat War version of 1710 located in the library of the University of Leiden in the Netherlands.
Early Aceh in anthropology used the origins of Aceh originating from the Mantir tribe (or in the Acehnese language Mantee) which is related to Mantra in Malacca which is part of the Khmer Monk (Khmer monk). Based on other narrative histories that the population of Aceh Besar residence in the village of Seumileuk which is also called the village of Rumoh Dua Blaih (village Rumoh 12), around Seulimeum between Jantho village with Tangse. Seumileuk means wide plains and Mantir which then spread in various directions.
Culture
Cultural grouping in four cultural divisions based on kaum (kawom) or also called as tribe (sukee) large according to ancient language;
Culture Lhee Reutoh (tribe / tribe of three hundred) originating from the Mantee culture as a native.
The culture of Imeum Peuet (tribe / tribe of imam four) originating from southern India is Hindu.
Tok Batee Culture (tribe-sufficient stones) came later from various ethnic Eurasians, East Asians and Arabs.
Ja Sandang Culture (clans / tribe) namely Indian immigrants who generally have embraced Islam.
This applies to the mention of himself as Ureueng Aceh meaning Acehnese.
Early history
In chronicles the Kingdom of Liang and the Kingdom of Sui in China was completed around the year 506 to 581 AD there is a Poly kingdom whose territory includes Aceh Besar in Nāgarakṛtāgama dieser as Lamuri Kingdom which in Arabic history is called Lamkrek, Lam Urik, Rami, Ramni temporary and in history another also referred to as Lan Li, Lan-wuli or Lan Wo Li by a seaport named Ilamuridesam precisely and never visited and written by Marco Polo (1292) from Venice in the travel book from China to Persia (Iran) is currently located under the influence of the sovereignty of the Srivijaya kingdom under the dynasty of Syailendra with the current king of Balaputera Dewa, centered in Palembang, a strong South Sumatra and its vast territories, including Bone Tulang Bawang, Bangka Island, Jambi, Genting Kra and Java Island which later built Borobudur .
This defeat of the kingdom of Sriwijaya kingdom began to decline with the dratis which provides an opportunity for the kingdoms that existed under the sovereignty of Sriwijaya began to enlarge and reassemble full sovereignty. Nevertheless, Sriwijaya's published only ended in 1377.
Ocean Pasai
The Sultanate of Samudera Pasai, also known as Samudera, Pasai, or Samudera Darussalam, is an Islamic empire located in the coastal region of Sumatera, more or less in the city of Lhokseumawe, North Aceh now. This kingdom was founded by Marah Silu, who held the title of Malik al-Saleh, around 1267 and ended with the masai Pasai by the Portuguese in 1521. The first king named Sultan Malik as-Saleh who died in 696 H or 1297 AD, by Sultan Malik at-Thahir.
The Sultanate of Samudera-Pasai is also Listed in Rihlah ila l-Masyriq (Wandering to the East) by Abu Abdullah ibn Batuthah (1304-1368), a Moroccan traveler who stopped in the Ocean in 1345. Ibn Batuthah recalled that Sultan Malik az-Zahir in the land Samatrah sponsor with complete privacy. According to Ibn Batuthah, the inhabitants of Samatrah (Samudera) adhere to the Shafi'i school.
Not so many facts and news about this kingdom to be used as a material of historical study.
Malik Al Saleh's Era
Before the Ottoman Empire in Turkey was established in 699 H-1341 H or simultaneously with the year 1385 M-1923 AD, it turns out far away in the eastern part of the world, in the Asian world, has emerged the Kingdom of Islamic Ocean-Pasai located in Aceh which was established by Meurah Silu (Meurah means Maharaja in the Aceh language) who soon renamed after converting to Islam by the name of Malik al-Saleh who died in 1297. Where his successor was unclear, but in 1345 Samudera-Pasai was ruled by Malik Al Zahir, Malik al-Saleh.
Politics Samudera Pasai is against the Politics of Gajah Mada
Gajah Mada who was appointed as a patih in Kahuripan (1319-1321) by Jayanagara from Majapahit. And in 1331, Gajah Mada rose to Mahapatih Majapahit who was appointed by Queen Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi.
When the inauguration of Gajah Mada became mahapatih Majapahit this came out his words which is called by palapa oath which contains "he will not satisfy palapa before the whole archipelago stands under the power of Majapahit kingdom". It happened on the basis of this palapa vow that Gajah Mada can not see and see that Pasai Ocean in Aceh is growing and progressing. In 1350 Majapahit wanted to pound the Ocean Pasai, but Majapahit never reach the Kingdom of Pasai Ocean because in the presence of Sriwijaya warrior. During the 27 years of Majapahit revenge against the kingdom of Sriwijaya and then in the year 1377 Sriwijaya turn menggempurnya, Habis become history of Sriwijaya as a Buddhist state based in Palembang this.
Sultanate of Aceh
Era Sultan Iskandar Muda
Aceh is a very rich and prosperous country in its heyday. According to one explorer of the sudden first origins of the Acehnese struggle in the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda Meuluta Perkasa Alam, Aceh's strength reached the West Coast of Minangkabau, East Sumatra, to Perak in peninsular Malaysia.
Aceh is one of the nations on the island of Sumatra that has a military world, and was once the strongest nation in the Malacca Strait, which fills the region of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, a compilation under Iskandar Muda's rule.
Sultan Iskandar Muda later married a daughter of the Pahang Sultanate. This princess is known by the name of Putroe Phang. It is said, because of his love too sang Sultan with opera, Sultan ordered the construction in the middle of the Khayali Field (Taman Istana) as a sign of his love. Reportedly, singing a princess is always sad because it harbored a very longing for the hilly homes. Therefore the Sultan built Gunongan to treat the princess miss. Until now Gunongan still can be witnessed and visited.
Aceh against the Portuguese
When the Samudera Pasai Sultanate was in crisis, the Malacca Sultanate that emerged under Parameswara (Paramisora) was renamed after converting to Islam with the call of Iskandar Shah. The Malacca Islamic Empire advanced rapidly until 1511 gave birth to the Portuguese under the leadership of Afonso d'Albuquerque with its fleet conquering Malacca.
When Malacca fell into the hands of the Portuguese, it rose again under the leadership of Sultan Ali Mughayat Shah (1514-1528). It was continued by Sultan Salahuddin (1528-1537). Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syahal Kahar (1537-1568). Sultan Ali Riyat Shah (1568-1573). Sultan Seri Alam (1576. Sultan Muda (1604-1607) Sultan Iskandar Muda, title of natural crown marhum (1607-1636) .All attacks launched by the Portuguese can be deflected.
Relations with the West
English
In the 16th century, the Queen of England, Elizabeth I, sent a delegate named Sir James Lancester to the Kingdom of Aceh and sent a letter meant: "To the Servant, King of Aceh Darussalam." And a set of high-value jewelry. The Sultan of Aceh at that time accepted the good intentions of his "sister" in England and allowed the British to anchor and trade in the Aceh region. Even the Sultan also sent precious gifts like ruby cameras and letters written on delicate paper with gold ink. Sir James was also awarded the title of "The Rich White Man".
Sultan of Aceh also replied to the letter from Queen Elizabeth I. Here is the contents of the letter of Sultan of Aceh, which is still kept by the British royal government, dated 1585:
"I sing the mighty power of the Nations under the wind, which is gathered on the land of Atjeh and upon the land of Sumatra and over all the different regions of Aceh, stretching from the horizon of the sunrise to the sunset. "
The intimate relationship between Aceh and England lasted for the time of King James I of England and Scotland. King James sent a cannon as a gift to the Sultan of Aceh. The cannon is still well preserved and is known by the name of King James Cannon.
Netherlands
In addition to the United Kingdom, Prince Maurits - Residents of the dynasty of Oranje - also sent a letter to the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam. Sultan welcomed by sending a group of farewell to the Netherlands. The entourage led by Tuanku Abdul Hamid. Rorang is known as the first Indonesian to stop in the Netherlands. During his visit Tuanku Abdul Hamid became sick and died. He was buried in a large scale in the Netherlands with the presence of the Dutch authorities. But since the Dutch had never buried the Muslims, he was buried with the Christian way in the yard of a church.
Ottoman
During the time of Iskandar Muda, the Kingdom of Aceh sent its envoys to the Ottoman Sultan of Istanbul. Because at that time the Ottoman Sultan was gering and widen the kingdom of Aceh terluntatedi-lantungedi their long time must sell gift gifts for their lives. Then in the end they receive by the Sultan, their offerings are only Lada Sicupak or Lada sekarung. However, the Emperor, bestowed the prize and sent one capable man in the science of war to help the kingdom of Aceh. The cannon was still there until now known as Meriam Lada Sicupak. In the future of the Ottoman Empire, he was the star of service to the Sultan of Aceh.
France
The Kingdom of Aceh and received a visit from the French Empire. The king of France's semantic envoy awarded a very important mirror to the Sultan of Aceh. But on the way the mirror broke. Finally they dedicate the fragments as a gift to the Emperor. In his book, Denys Lombard says that Sultan Iskandar Muda is very fond of valuable objects. At that time, the Kingdom of Aceh was the only Malay Kingdom with Balee Ceureumeen or Glass Hall in its palace. According to the French Envoy, the Palace of the Sultanate of Aceh is not less than two kilometers. The palace is called Istana Dalam Darud Donya (now Meuligo Aceh, residence of Governor). In it fills Medan Khayali and Medan Khaerani that can accommodate 300 elephant troops. Sultan Iskandar Muda is also used to regulate the flow of the Krueng Aceh River to flow through his palace (the river is still visible today, moving around Meuligoe). That's where the sultan often swims while entertaining his guests.
Post-Sultan Iskandar Thani
The kingdom of Aceh after the death of Sultan Iskandar Thani experienced a continuous decline. This is called the rise of four successive sultanas, the denominations of the anger power of the Wujudiyah clerics. Unfortunately, Seri Ratu Safiatudin Seri Ta'jul Alam Syah Sovereign Zilullahil Filalam who is the first Sultanah is a very capable woman. He is the daughter of Sultan Iskandar Muda and the wife of Sultan Iskandar Thani. He also has six languages, Spanish, Spanish, Aceh, Malay, Arabic, and Persian. At that time in the Aceh Parliament which consists of 96 people, 1/4 in DETAIL is female. The resistance of the Wujudiyah clerics came to the fatwa of the Grand Mufti of Mecca expressing his freedom for a woman who became a Sultanah. Finally go the heyday of women in Aceh.
The arrival of the colonial
The Aceh Sultanate was involved in a prolonged power struggle since the early 16th century, first with Portugal, since the 18th century with Great Britain (England) and the Netherlands. At the end of the 18th century, Aceh launched its territory in Kedah and Pulau Pinang in the Malay Peninsula to the United Kingdom.
In 1824, the British-Dutch Treaty was signed: Britain surrendered its territory in Sumatra to the Netherlands. The British claim that Aceh is their colony, although this is not true. In 1871, Britain left the Netherlands to save Aceh, allowing it to prevent it.
Aceh War
The year 1873 broke out the Aceh War against the Dutch. The Aceh War was caused by:
The Dutch occupied the Siak area. As a result of Siak 1858 agreement. Where Sultan Ismail freed Deli, Langkat, Asahan and Serdang areas to the Netherlands, whereas these areas since Sultan Iskandar Muda was under Aceh.
Dutch Conversion Siak, then ended the London agreement (1824). Together with the contents of London are the Dutch and English who make provisions on the boundaries of power of the two areas in Southeast Asia with the latitude of Singapore. Recognized Aceh's sovereignty.
Aceh accused the Dutch of not keeping its promise, the status of the Dutch ships passed by Aceh drowned Aceh. This Aceh act was bought by the British, because the Dutch were guilty.
The opening of the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps caused Aceh to become very important for trade traffic.
The creation of the 1871 Sumatran agreement between Britain and the Netherlands, which in its contents, the British gave the Dutch freedom to take action in Aceh. The Dutch must maintain the atmosphere of traffic in the Strait of Sumatra. The Netherlands allowed Britain to trade freely in Siak and surrender its territory in Western Guinea to Britain.
As a result of Sumatra Summit 1871, Aceh established diplomatic relations with the American Consul, Italy, Turkey in Singapore. And send it to Turkey 1871.
Due to Aceh's diplomatic relations with the American Consul, Italy and Turkey in Singapore, the Dutch made it a reason to attack Aceh. Vice-President of the Council of the Indies Frederik Nicolaas Nieuwenhuijzen with his two warships came to Aceh and requested information from Sultan Machmud Shah about what had been discussed in Singapore, but Sultan Machmud refused to give details.
The Netherlands declared war on Aceh on March 26, 1873 after taking some diplomatic action. An expedition with 3,000 soldiers led by Mayor-General Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler was sent in 1874, but was understood by the Aceh army, under the command of Polem Commander and Sultan Machmud Shah, who had modernized his weapons. Köhler himself was killed on April 10, 1873.
The second expedition under the leadership of General Jan van Swieten succeeded in seizing the sultan's palace. When Sultan Machmud Shah died on January 26, 1874, was replaced by Tuanku Muhammad Dawood who was crowned as Sultan in Indragiri mosque. On October 13, 1880, the colonial government declared that the war was over. Read it, and fi'sabilillah wars are fought, where the guerrilla war system was held until 1904.
In the war with the Dutch, the Aceh Sultanate visited by Commander Tibang Muhammad on his way to the inauguration of Emperor Napoleon III of France. Aceh also sent Habib Abdurrahman azh-Zhahir to ask for help to the Caliph Usmaniyah. But the Ottoman Turks were a period of decline. Does the United States refuse to intervene in the affairs of Aceh and the Netherlands.
The war back flared in 1883. Dutch troops sought to free British sailors who were held captive in one of the occupied areas of the Aceh Sultanate, and attacked the area. The Sultan of Aceh put the prisoners in and received a considerable fee instead. Meanwhile, Dutch War Minister, August Willem Philip Weitzel, about the war against Aceh. The Dutch this time helped local leaders, beautified Teuku Umar. Teuku Umar was granted the title of the great warlord and on January 1, 1894 even received a Dutch aid fund to build his army. It turned out that two years later Teuku Umar instead lift the Netherlands with the new troops. In this guerrilla war Teuku Umar along with Polem Commander and Sultan continued unceasingly. In 1899 the compilation of a sudden attack from Van Der Dussen's party in Meulaboh Teuku Umar died. But Cut Dia 'Dien's wife Teuku Umar is ready to appear as a guerrilla money commander.
In 1892 and 1893, the Dutch claimed they had failed to seize Aceh. Dr. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, an Islamic scholar from the University of Leiden who has gained a lot of information from Aceh, then advised to encourage them to be directed to the clergy, not to the sultan. This suggestion works. Dr Snouck Hurgronye undercover for 2 years in the interior of Aceh to study the community and state administration of Aceh. The search results were recorded under the title Aceh People (De Atjehers). In the book itself how to conquer Aceh.
Snouck Hurgronje's advice to the appropriate Dutch Military Governor in Aceh is:
Set aside the Keumala (ie the Sultan who is based in Keumala) and his followers.
Always attack and hit the clergy.
Do not want to negotiate with guerrilla leaders.
Establish a permanent base in Aceh Raya.
Bahasa Indonesia, by establishing langgar, mosque, repairing irrigation roads and helping the social work of the people of Aceh.
In 1898 Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz as governor of Aceh in 1898-1904, then Dr Snouck Hurgronye became his counselor, and with his lieutenant Hendrikus Colijn (later Dutch Prime Minister), seized most of Aceh.
Sultan M. Daud finally surrendered himself to the Dutch in 1903 after his prayers, children and mother were first recorded by the Dutch. The Sultanate of Aceh finally fell in 1904. The Palace of the Sultanate of Aceh was later devastated and replaced by a new Building now known as the Governor's Hall. In that year, almost all of Aceh has been taken by the Dutch.
The guerrilla tactics of Acehnese guerrilla warfare were imitated by Van Heutz, where marechaussee troops were formed, led by Hans Christoffel with his Colone Macan troops who had been able and controlled the mountains, the jungles of Aceh to seek and pursue the Acehnese guerrillas.
The next tactic that the Netherlands did was by kidnapping members of the Aceh rebel family. For example Christoffel kidnapped the empress of Sultan and Tengku Putroe (1902). Van der Maaten captures the son of Sultan Tuanku Ibrahim. The balcony, the Sultan surrendered on 5 January 1902 to Sigli and reconciled. Van der Maaten secretly ambushed Tangse back, Polem Commander could escape, but instead Called the son of Polem Commander, Cut Po Radeu his sister and some of his closest relatives. Examination of Polem Commander. Weapon weapons and surrender to Lhokseumawe (1903). As a result of the Commander-in-Chief of Polem surrendered, many of the chiefs of the people who sacrificed the Polem Commander's trail.
The next tactic, carried out in a manner undertaken under the leadership of Van Daalen who discussed Van Heutz. Like the killing in Kuto Reh (June 14, 1904) where 2922 people were killed, consisting of 1773 men and 1149 women.
His last cutting tactic 'Dien's wife Teuku Umar is still performing the action directly, where finally Cut Nya' Dien can be withdrawn and exiled to Sumedang, West Java.
Letter of delivery
Van Heutz has created a short letter of submission to be written by Acehnese leaders who have spoken and surrendered, whose contents: The King recognizes his area as part of the Dutch East Indies. The king promised not to engage with power abroad. Promised to order all the orders established by the Dutch. (RH Saragih, J Sirait, M Simamora, National History, 1987)
The rise of nationalism
during the period of Dutch rule, the Acehnese began to cooperate with other regions of Indonesia and engaged in various nationalist and political movements. Sarekat Islam, an Islamic trading organization founded in Surakarta in 1912, arrived in Aceh around 1917. This was followed by the Muhammadiyah social organization in 1923. Muhammadiyah built an Islamic school in Kutaraja (now Banda Aceh) in 1929 Then in 1939, the Great Indonesia Party (Parindra) opened its branch in Aceh, becoming the first political party there. That same year, the 'ulama established the PUSA (Unity of Allama Aceh), an anti-Dutch organization.
World War II
Aceh is increasingly engaged in the Indonesian nationalist movement. When the Volksraad (parliament), Teuku Nyak Arif as the first representative from Aceh. (Nyak Arif and sworn in as governor of Aceh by the first governor of Sumatra, Moehammad Hasan).
Like many other residents of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, the people of Aceh welcomed the Japanese army when they landed in Aceh on March 12, 1942, as the Japanese promised them from colonialism. But apparently the Japanese government is not much different from the Netherlands. Japan again recruited uleebalangs to fill the post of Gunco and Sunco (head of the district and sub-district). This led to the scholars' average, and deepened the divisions between ulama and uleebalangs. The rebellion against the Japanese was spread in several areas, including in Bayu, near Lhokseumawe, in 1942, led by Teungku Abdul Jalil, and at Pandrah and Jeunieb, in 1944.
The Republic of Indonesia
The position of Aceh within the United States of Indonesia
41 years later since the completion of the Aceh war, Indonesia was proclaimed by Soekarno on August 17, 1945. It turned out that the struggle for freedom from the Dutch hold was not yet complete, before Hubertus Johannes van Mook created his puppet countries incorporated in the RIS (Republic of the United States of Indonesia).
It turns out that Aceh does not include the state of Van Mook's federal results covering the whole of Indonesia which consists of:
The Republic of Indonesia, which has a status quo under the Renville Agreement.
State of East Indonesia.
Pasundan State, including the Federal District of Jakarta
State of East Java
State of Madura
State of East Sumatra, including the status quo of South Asahan and Labuhan Batu
Country of South Sumatra
Self-contained state units, such as Central Java, Bangka-Belitung, Riau, West Kalimantan Special Region, Great Dayak, Banjar Region, East Kalimantan and East Kalimantan.
The remaining Indonesian regions are not the regions.
Instead, Aceh belongs to the Republic of Indonesia, where the Republic of Indonesia is one of the states of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia. Thus, Aceh is also included in the system of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, although it does not exist as a separate state.
The elected President of the RIS was Soekarno in the session of the RIS Presidential Council on 15-16 December 1949. On December 17, 1949 President Soekarno was inaugurated as President of the RIS. Was for the post of Prime Minister appointed Mohammad Hatta. The Cabinet and Prime Minister of the RIS were inaugurated on December 20, 1949.
Netherlands under Queen Juliana, Prime Minister Dr. Willem Drees, the Minister of the Oceans Mr. Maan Sassen and the head of the RIS Delegation Mohammad Hatta put his signature on the text of the recognition of RIS sovereignty by the Dutch in the RIS sovereignty recognition ceremony on 27 December 1949. On the same date, Yogyakarta handed over the sovereignty of RI to RIS. While in Jakarta on the same day, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and High Deputy Crown Antonius Hermanus Johannes Lovink in the ceremony together to put his view on the script submission of sovereignty. (30 Years of Merdeka Indonesia, 1945-1949, State Secretariat of RI, 1986).
Return to the Unitary State
March 8, 1950 The Government of the RIS with the Parliamentary Representatives (DPR) and the Senate of the RIS passed the Emergency Law No. 11 of 1950 on the Procedures for the Amendment of the RIS State Arrangement. Under the Emergency Act, several states were incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia, on April 5, 1950 of which only three states were, RI, NST (State of East Sumatra), and NIT (State of East Indonesia).
On August 14, 1950 the Parliament and the Senate of the RIS passed the Provisional Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia on the results of the joint committee.
At the joint meeting of Parliament and the RIS Senate on August 15, 1950, President RIS Soekarno read out the charter forming the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. On the same day, President Soekarno returned to Yogya to receive the post of RI from the Temporary Stakeholder of the President of RI Mr. Asaat. (30 Years of Merdeka Indonesia, 1950-1964, State Secretariat of RI, 1986).
Notice the Islamic State of Indonesia of Aceh
3 years after RIS broke up and returned to RI, Daud Beureueh in Aceh imposed on the Islamic State of Indonesia under Imam Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo on September 20, 1953.
The contents of the NII's Notes in Aceh are:
"With the birth of the peroclamation of the Islamic State of Indonesia in Atjeh and the surrounding areas, the power of Pantja Sila in Atjeh and its surrounding areas was replaced by the government of the Islamic State. It was for all the people, foreigners, religious people, civil servants, merchants and most of them:
Do not obstruct the movement of the Indonesian Islamic Army, but it is necessary to provide assistance and work together to uphold the sincerity and prosperity of the State.
The civil servants want to work as usual, work in earnest so that the wheels of government continue to run smoothly.
Merchants should open a shop, carry out the work as usual, the Islamic Government guarantees the host masters.
The whole people do not hold Sabotage, corrupt the vitaal property, kidnap, rob, lie the news lies, inviltratie propakasi and all that can be printed country. Anyone who commits the crime will be punished by a Military sentence.
To the foreign lords want to be calm and serene, carry out the duties of the masters as normal as security and believe the masters are confiding.
To religious masters other than Islam do not hesitate and suspect, be assured that the NII Government guarantees the lords and religions you hold, for Islam commands to protect every Ummah and his religion as a protector of the Ummah and Islam himself. Finally we serve all layers of society to be calm and calm and carry out their respective duties as usual.
Islamic State of Indonesia
Governor of Civil / Military Atjeh and Regions around him.
MUHARRAM 1373
Atjeh Darussalam
September 1953
"
Daud Beureueh Give
In December 1962, 7 months after Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo Imam NII was captured (June 4, 1962) at Mount Geber in Majalaya by the Siliwangi Unity in Operation Bratayudha, Daud Beureueh in Aceh surrendered to the Ruler of Daula Pancasila conducted "Deliberation of Harmony of Aceh People" the initiative of Commander of Kodam I / Iskandar Muda, Colonel M. Jasin. (30 Years of Merdeka Indonesia, 1950-1964, State Secretariat of RI, 1986).
Hasan Di Tiro declared the State of Aceh Sumatra
14 years after Daud Beureueh and the Hasan Tiro period on December 4, 1976 declared the independence of Aceh Sumatra. The declaration of the independence of the State of Aceh Sumatra is: ".
"To the people of the world: We, the people of Aceh, Sumatra, the right of self-determination, and protect the rights of our country's ancestors, hereby declare people and people from Jakarta.
On behalf of the people of Aceh, Sumatra is sovereign.
Tengku Hasan Muhammad in Tiro.
Chairman of the National Liberation Front of Acheh Sumatra and President of Aceh Sumatra,
December 4, 1976 "
EndWhen
On August 15, 2005, GAM and the Indonesian government finally succeeded in reaching the prolonged peace settlement.
On December 26, 2004, a major earthquake caused a tsunami that struck much of Aceh's west coast, including Banda Aceh, and caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands of lives.
In addition, there have been aspirations from several regions of NAD, particularly in the west, south and interior to find themselves from NAD and form two new provinces called Aceh Leuser Antara which consists of Aceh Tengah, Bener Meriah, Gayo Lues, Aceh Tenggara and Aceh Singkil, and Aceh Barat Selatan or ABAS consisting of Nagan Raya, Aceh Barat Daya, South Aceh, Simeulue, Aceh Barat and Aceh Jaya. December 4, 2005 the Joint Declaration was held in Gelora Bung Karno, Jakarta, attended by people and 11 regents who wanted to expand their territory, followed by a protest demanding the release of the 11 districts from Aceh.
On August 15, 2005, GAM and the Indonesian government have finally fought peacefully with the two-year ruling party that has lasted for nearly 30 years.