Agriculture in the narrow sense can be interpreted as a business or cultivation activity, while in the broad sense of agriculture is all human activities that include cultivation activities, fisheries, animal husbandry and forestry. Associated with agriculture, it is known as farmers and farming. Farmers are the designation for those who organize farming, for example "tobacco farmers" or "fish farmers". Farming is a set of activities done in cultivation (plants and animals).
Indonesia is an agrarian country, fertile land stretched widely throughout Indonesia. Agriculture in Indonesia is a major factor supporting the economy of Indonesian society. In line with the times and the changing needs and attitudes of human farmland in Indonesia was gradually become reduced even almost nothing else.
To develop agriculture towards a market-oriented and environmentally-friendly sustainable agriculture system, efforts to reform the Agricultural Development Paradigm and Restructuring (reorganized) of Agricultural Institutions are required. The Agricultural Development Paradigm Reformulation is a process aimed at all stakeholders in agriculture to have unity or commonality in the mindset and perspectives on future agricultural development.
Agribusiness, in other words, is an economic perspective for food supply enterprises. As an academic subject, agribusiness learns the strategy of profiting by managing aspects of cultivation, supply of raw materials, postharvest, processing, to marketing stage. The agribusiness is a complete system from sub-systems of supply of agricultural production and equipment; farming sub-systems; sub-processing system or agroindustry and sub-marketing system. In order for this sub-system to work properly it is necessary to support sub-system institutional facilities and infrastructure and sub-system support and coaching.
Agribusiness Development Strategy
There are several aspects that can be taken in an effort to develop agribusiness activities such as:
1.Pembangunan Agribusiness is industrial and agricultural development as well as services performed simultaneously, carried out simultaneously and harmoniously.
What we often get so far is the processing industry (Agroindustry) developing in Indonesia, but the raw material from import. On the other hand, the increase in agricultural production is not followed by the development of the processing industry (building a local / local resource-based industry), so the development of Vertical Agribusiness is necessary.
- Building an Agribusiness is building a competitive advantage over comparative advantage
In the sense that building the competitiveness of agribusiness products through the transformation of comparative advantage into competitive advantage, that is by:
• Developing upstream subsystems (breeding, agro-automotive, agro-chemical) and downstream subsystem development that is deepening the processing industry downstream and building an international marketing network.
• Development of an agribusiness system that is driven by the power of innovation.
- Make Agroindustry as A Leading Sector.
Agroindustry is an industry with strong (direct and indirect) economic linkages with agricultural commodities. Direct linkages include the relationship between agricultural commodities as inputs for agro-industry activities and marketing and trading activities that market agro-industrial end products.
4.Building Agribusiness System through Seed Industry
The Seed Industry is the most important link in establishing the attributes of agribusiness products as a whole. The basic attributes of agribusiness products such as nutritional attributes and value attributes (size, appearance, taste, smell and so on) and the safety attributes of food products such as heavy metal content, pesticide residues, toxic contents are also determined in the industry Germination.
Industrial Support Fertilizer in the development of agribusiness system.
In the future, the fertilizer industry needs to develop vertical (from upstream to downstream) and horizontal (fertilizer company) networking systems by eliminating the incorporation of fertilizer companies into one where the company is now concentrated on a government fertilizer company.Development of Agribusiness System through Repositioning Agribusiness Cooperatives.
Cooperatives need to reform themselves to be more focused on business activities, especially to become an agricultural cooperative and develop its business activities as an agribusiness cooperative. To obtain a positive image like a business cooperative for example: Agribusiness Cooperative or Agroindustry Cooperative or Agroniaga Cooperative which handles business activities from upstream to downstream.Development of Agribusiness System through the development of agribusiness information system.
In building agribusiness information system, there are several aspects that need to be considered is information production, process information, distribution, and information processing and market information.
8.Membumikan development of Agribusiness system in regional autonomy
Decentralistis-Bottom-up Economic Development, which relies on local resource-based industries. National economic development will occur in every region.
9.Support banking in the development of agribusiness system in the region.
To build agribusiness in the region, the role of banks as financing institutions plays an important role. The availability of financing schemes from banks will greatly determine the advancement of regional agribusiness. So far, there has been a very small allocation of bank credit in regional agribusiness, especially on the farm of agribusiness.
10.Development of marketing strategy
The development of marketing strategy becomes very important role especially to face the future, where consumer preference constantly change, market condition heterogen. From that point, it is now beginning to change the marketing paradigm to sell what the market wants (the consumer).
Development of agribusiness resources.
In the development of agribusiness sector in order to adapt to market changes, it is necessary to develop agribusiness resources, especially the utilization and development of technology and development of Human Resource (SDM) Agribusiness as an agribusiness development actor.Development of Agribusiness Sector Growth Center.
It is necessary to develop growth centers of superior commodity agribusiness sector based on agribusiness commodity development map, development potential and economic cooperation area.Development of Agribusiness Infrastructure.
In the development of Agribusiness growth center, it is necessary to support Infrastructure development such as road and transport network (sea, land, river and air), power grid, water, domestic port and export port and others.Integrated wisdom development
There are several forms of integrated wisdom in the development of agribusiness.
a. Production and productivity development policies at the enterprise level.
b. Sectoral policy to develop all similar business activities.
c. Wisdom at the level of the agribusiness system governing the linkages between several sectors.
d. Macroeconomic policies that govern all economic activities that directly or indirectly affect agribusiness.Development of Human Resources to support agribusiness and economic development
In the era of Agribusiness, the main actors of agribusiness development and supporting actors of agribusiness development need to be coaching the ability of business aspects, managerial and organize the business of farmers and increase the insight of agribusiness. In this case need to reorientation role of agriculture extension which is institution of human resource of farmer. Therefore it is necessary to improve the education of extension workers either through formal education, short courses, comparative studies. And it is necessary to change the function of BPP which has been as an agro-technical extension institution, becoming an Agribusiness Consultation Clinic.
Author Source: Mery Berlian - Lecturer of FMIPA at UPBJJ-UT Pekanbaru dpk
