Lesson 57: Know More About Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Part-1
Hello MIUIers,and steemian lovers
Hope you all are well by the contribution of technology. Today our class is about a part of advanced technology named Artificial Intelligence (AI) . Now a days the necessity of AI is increasing day by day. Our modern technology is moving towards to development. AI is the field where more and more development is needed.
Definition
Artificial Intelligence is the field of computer science where machines are designed to equalize the intelligence of machine to human intelligence.
There are two types of AI.
- Narrow AI ( Known as weak artificial intelligence)
- True AI (Known as strong artificial intelligence)
Narrow AI : Narrow AI works on a specific part of an unit .It's designed and trained for a particular task. It has no genuine intelligence, no self-awareness e.g. Siri , Google Assistant , Xiao Ai.
True AI : It's designed and trained in such a way that it can perform as human imitator.There is no limit to its operational capability.It is aware of external objects and idea which can be called self-awareness.
History
The concept of AI has begun since ancient time through myths,stories and rumors.The modern era of AI began when the classical philosophers thought of taking mechanical skills equivalent to human thought. In 1940, this idea was culminated by the invention of programmable digital computer which was machine based and depended on mathematical reasoning by unrealistic formulas.
In 1956, The field of AI research was found at The Dartmouth Conference and coined by John McCarthy (American Computer Scientist). The leaders of the research wanted to make a machine that would be as intelligent as humans and to become the vision successful millions of dollars were given.
The project didn't come up due to the limitations of the power of computer hardware.In 1973, US and British Governments stopped funding.The time is known as "AI Winter". After seven years later Japanese Government invest billions of dollars to improve AI.But again that project failed due to the same reason of the limitation of power of computer hardware and then the fund was withdrew.
At the beginning of the 21st century when machine learning became successful ,the investment and interest continued to grow.
Goals
The goals of Artificial intelligence are to design and train computers or machines in an intelligence way by ensuring proper use of technology . Some common problems are divided into sub-problems during the development of intelligence .These problems have some unique features that researchers want to show on an intelligence system.Some of the special characters are given below. 
❍ Knowledge representation : It is the field of AI where informations are represented about the world in a form of computer system whcch can be solved complex task.
❍ Planning : Autonomy and flexibility an be increased through planning which can build the sequences to take proper action to achieve the goals. Through this the machine is able to accurately display its activities.
❍ Learning : The way of getting the ability to be smarter. By this AI applies force to learn to the computer system and figure it out on its own.
❍ Natural Language Processing : This is the area of computer science where AI method establishes communication to other integillence (likes human) using natural language (the language which is used for communication by human).
❍ Perception : The ability to see, hear and become aware of something through the senses.Different types of sensors are used to full fill this goal.
Fields
New fields of Artificial Intelligence are being created day by day. Here are some major fields of AI.
Computer Science : In Computer Science AI is progressing day by day.It's one of the biggest field of AI where the intelligence skill of computer based systems or machines are being improved. Programming sector acts to improve the ability of AI which is included in this field.
The computer system gains knowledge through various data and informations, visual images and videos analysis.
Mathematics : Beside of programming it is needed to learn mathematics.It is known that the machines are controlled by some signals where the measuring point is the presence of electronic signal and it is defined by 0 and 1. Actually these 0 and 1 are combined in different patters and converted from natural command. Machine can't recognize human language and also can't feel any elements in the world.But they are taught what to do and how to do by machine language.Researchers give input pattern/shape of every element by mathematical numbers e.g. a ball has pattern which is circle and it has radius.So, by this way the machine intelligence can understand that which is circle and which is square.
Psychology : Psychology is related to mind.Though in science there is no existence of mind except brain.All the functions of human body are controlled from brain. So, does it need to have a brain of a machine/robot ? Many researchers working on it and they believe that once a machine can act like they have their own brain and all mental representations are constructed, organized, and interpreted.
Linguistics : AI aim is to take machine intelligence in the same stage of human intelligence. Human has a unique quality to communication with each other using natural language. In computer system there are usage of computational linguistics.But it's not easy to understand computational linguistics for human and on the other hand it's impossible to understand human language for a machine directly.Only translator can play main role to solve this problem.So, in this field researchers are trying to make communication easer between human and machine by improving linguistics.
Philosophy : Philosophy means the understanding common sense , gain knowledge and achieve abilities to realize reality and existence. Philosophers and researchers are working this field to find out useful ways to test theories of knowledge and reason using concepts and technology of artificial intelligence.
Neuroscience : In advanced AI the neuroscience is a biggest and most important field. In this field the intelligence of machine is compared to human intelligence where the criteria is brain. Researchers expect to make artificial brain which may symbol of human brain.
These all for today .I'll back soon with the next part of this topic. Till then keep happy and stay with us.
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