Fish Morphology
Morphology Fish - Morphology is the outward appearance of fish body parts. The purpose of observation of fish morphology is to provide an overview of the outer forms of fish that can be used as specific characteristics of fish to be identified. Morphology of the external body of fish is divided into three parts, namely the head, body, and tail. The outer parts of the fish body that are visible are the eyes, nose, mouth, fins, and scales.
Parts of Fish Body
In general, fish body is divided into three parts, namely:
- Caput:
the head, which starts from the tip of the muzzle to the end of the tip of the gill at the back. In the head there are mouth, upper jaw, lower jaw, teeth, nose, nose, eye, gills, gill cover, brain, heart, and so on.
- Truncus:
body part, ie from the end of the gill cap to the back of the rectal fin begins. In the body there are dorsal fins, pectoral fins, abdominal fins, and internal organs such as liver, gall, stomach, intestine, gonads, bubbles, kidneys, spleen, and so on.
- Cauda:
the tail, ie from the beginning of the anal fin to the tip of the rear tail fin. In the tail there is anus, anal fin, tail fin, and sometimes there are also scutes and finlets.
Body Shape Fish
To know how to live fish can be known by observing the fish body shape. Fish body shape consists of
Fusiform (torpedo):
has a slender body shape, cross section, elliptical shape, and narrow tail. Fish that have a fusiform shape are fast swimmers and live in open water. Examples: tuna, selar and bloat.
Compressed (flat):
has a flat lateral and flatly dorsoventral flat shape. Fish that have this shape swim with constant speed, slow in ordinary conditions but if there is danger of being able to swim quickly. Example: Goldfish
Depressed (lateral flat):
fish that have this shape usually live in the bottom of the water. Example: Stingray Eagle (Aeobatis narinari)
Anguliform (like a snake):
has a very long body shape and a round cross section. Example: Eels and Eat
Filiform (like thread):
has a long body shape like a thread and is very thin. Example: on Nemichtyuae family.
Taeniform (like ribbons):
found in the Trachyptery family and Trichiuridae
Sangiliform (flat form):
has an elongated shape and its singular fin is located far behind near the tail fin. Example: Pike fish from Esocidae family
Globiform:
has a head of a picak, a round and oval body sert a flat tail. Example: In the Claridae and Pengasiudae families
- FORM OF THE FISH BODY *
Fish Mouth Shape
The shape and location of the mouth is an adjustment to the food that becomes his favorite, so it can be used to predict food and feeding behavior of fish.
According to Lagler et.al (1997), fish mouth is divided into 4 types namely :
Terminal, the fish's mouth is located at the front end of the head
Subterminal, the fish's mouth is located near the head of the fish
Superior, the fish's mouth is located at the border of the head
Inferior, the fish's mouth is located at the bottom of the head
*FORM OF MOUTH FISH*
Tail shape
According to Effendi (1992), tail form will affect the variation of how to swim fish. Variations of fish fin are 6:
* FORM OF FISH FISH *
Scales Shapes
According to Rahardjo (1985), scales are the skeleton of the dermis, so called because the scales are formed in the dermis layer. The function of the scales is to protect the body from harmful environments. Scales are generally hard as keeping bones thin. Based on the shape and material contained therein, the scales can be divided into 5 types:
Scales Shapes
According to Rahardjo (1985), scales are the skeleton of the dermis, so called because the scales are formed in the dermis layer. The function of the scales is to protect the body from harmful environments. Scales are generally hard as keeping bones thin. Based on the shape and material contained therein, the scales can be divided into 5 types:
- Ganoid Scales:
This type of scales is composed of ganoid salts, almost a rhombic shape. Usually found in cartilaginous fish. For example in Polyterus fish, Lepisostidae, Acipenceridae, and Polyodontidae
- Cosmoid Scales:
This type of scales are found only in fossil fish and primitive fish species. An example is the Latimeria chalumnae fish
- Scales Placoid:
This type of scales usually terspat on fish cartilage (Elasmobranchia). Shaped almost like a rose with a round or square base. Has a prominent part like a thorn that comes out of the epidermis and lies backward under the skin
- Cycloid scales:
This form is found in the Teleostei fish group, which is found in the fish class of weak fins (Malacopterygii) and the hard-fingered fish group (Acanthopterygii). Spherical, thinly transparent, has a circle, and on the back is jagged.
- Ctenoid scales:
The parts of the ctenoid scales are essentially the same as the cycloid scales, except the posterior part of the ctenoid scales is equipped with ctenii (a small serration)
Body Color Fish
Fish body color is also a tool to adjust to the environment, especially to avoid themselves from predatory animals. According to Effendi (1988), fish body color is mentioned by the configuration of the scales (cromatophore) and the biochrome color carrier pigment:
- Carotenoids: yellow, red, and pink
- Chromolipoid: yellow to brown
- Indigoid: blue, red and green
- Melanin: black and brown
- Flalin: greenish yellow
- Purine: silvery white
- Pterin: white, yellow, red and orange
- Porphyrin: red, yellow, green, blue and brown
Fins Stomach Fins Against Chest
Divided into 4:
1. Abdominal: where the abdominal fins are far behind the pectoral fin
2. Sub abdominal: the location of the abdominal fins slightly behind the pectoral fin
3. Toracic: the location of the abdominal fin paraline pectoral fin
4. Yogular: the location of the abdominal fins slightly in front of pectoral fins
* Location of fish fins *
This is my post today about the morphology of fish the story will be sustainable about other morphology if my friends like silah follow me resteem and vote.
Source reference
http://tambril.blogspot.com/2012/12/morfologi-ikan.html?m=1
https://www.google.co.id/amp/s/entahsiapa15.wordpress.com/2009/01/12/morfoligi-ikan/amp/
https://www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/83046662/MORFOLOGI-IKAN
