Epilepsy is associated with disrupted activities in the brain called seizures, which affects the central nervous system. Epilepsy is categorized into generalized seizures and partial seizures based on the areas affected in the brain. Generalized seizures affect the whole brain, while partial seizures affect just one part of the brain. Seizures are further classified into mild seizures and stronger seizures depending on the severity of the seizures. The diagnosis of mild seizures are difficult, as its lasts only for few seconds. Stronger seizures may last for a few seconds to several minutes, resulting in spasms and uncontrollable muscle twitches. This may cause the patient to lose consciousness, lead to temporary loss of cognition, or memory loss during the seizure. Epilepsy occurring due to brain infections such as meningitis is known as symptomatic epilepsy, while genetics related condition is called idiopathic epilepsy. The number of available antiepilepsy drugs have doubled over the past few decades and for the treatment of pediatric epilepsy, nine new drugs were launched in the last decade, as the benefits of the medicines are greater than the subsequent side-effects from the medicine. Third generation epilepsy drugs are rapidly replacing second and first generation drugs, as they are more safe and tolerable than the previous generation drugs. Few first generation drugs are Phenytoin (Dilantin and Phenytek), Carbamazepine (Carbatrol), Valproate (Depakote), Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal), Phenobarbital (Luminal), Primidone (Mysoline); and second generation drugs are Lamotrigine (Lamictal), Pregabalin (Lyrica), Lacosamide (Vimpat), and Rufinamide (Banzel/Inovelon). The newer drugs have better efficacy, with much better pharmacokinetic profiles and fewer drug interactions than the classic first generation drugs. For instance, the third generation drugs, UCB’s Keppra (levetiracetam) and GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK’s) Lamictal (lamotrigine) have rapidly become the commonly used drugs for first-line treatments.
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Antiepileptic Drugs Market Regional Analysis
North America and Europe are expected to witness significant growth in the market over the forecast period due to robust pipeline for epilepsy treatment and individual efforts by leading manufacturers. For instance, Pfizer, Inc. entered into partnership with Epilepsy Foundation to find solutions for generic forms of epilepsy and associated neurological disorders in 2014. Asia Pacific region is expected to show positive developments over the forecast period, owing to drug launches by leading manufacturers in the region. For instance, UCB Pharma received approval in Japan for Vimpat adjunctive therapy for partial onset seizures of epilepsy in 2016. Moreover, Eisai Pharma launched antiepilepsy drug Fycompa in India in 2017.
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