A scientific explanation of this diffusion can be explained by the second article of the law on thermodynamics. The laws of thermodynamics have an important place in physics. Everything in the universe tends to be in irregularity by nature. This trend of irregularity is called entropy. For example, the gas in a bottle in the room will spread evenly across the room by opening the lid of the bottle. In other words, they do not tend to gather to a certain part of the room. With this distribution called the Maxwell distribution, it is possible to observe the gas molecules inside the room. Homo sapiens, which emerged at different points of Africa, did not merely gather at one point, but by following the second law of thermodynamics, the sociological entropy, that is, the tendency to spread to all sides spontaneously. It has spread to Europe, Asia and America. Thermodynamics also works in sociological terms. In 1867, Scottish physicist James Clark Maxwell, based on this background, created a thought experiment by adding a new imaginary hero to the physics to question the entropy principle (the second law). Maxwell's Demon. Let's think of two side-by-side rooms. The rooms get a door connected to each other. Let's get a demon in the door of this room. The temperatures of the rooms get equal when the doors opened. By the way, temperature is the average energy of molecules in the environment. This average may be lower or higher than the temperature. Let's go back to Maxwell's demon after this scientific information. The demon can put the each molecules two different rooms. He can put molecules below avarage in a room and put molecules above avarage in a second room. The demon, who can collect one by one and do it, is actually breaking the second law of thermodynamics. Maxwell demon's interest in the distribution of Homo sapiens can relate to the assemblage of today's societies as a separate order or country after centuries.
The increase in the sociological entropy with the first distribution of Homo sapiens has led to a decrease in sociological entropy, and an imaginary Maxwell Demon has fixed up the entropy. This order works so well that the laws of “Pareto analysis” are emerging. Pareto Analysis was introduced in 1897 by the famous Italian economist Wilfredo Pareto. According to this analysis there are 80/20 rules. That is, eighty percent of the total population lives in 20 percent of the total area. In other words, 80 percent of the total population in a country is living in 20 percent of the big cities. According to the second law of thermodynamics, Homo sapiens expanded the entropy of the population and spread throughout the world with a disorder. After thousands of years, this spread has been concentrated in certain regions of the world and has shown population distribution according to the Pareto law.
In the 300,000-year timeline, modern man (Homo sapiens sapiens) evolved from stone tools, arrow-spring to inventing a quantum computer. It is interesting, however, that there are tribes still living today. Many tribes living on the Papua island of Indonesia are still living under the most primitive conditions. In fact, the most primitive word must be a false definition. It is an ego's definition of primitivism that modern man obtains after technological developments. Not only in Indonesia, but also in many rain forests, there are people who live in environments where almost Homo sapiens lived that was away from modern life. These tribes, who live a completely isolated life, are forbidden to contact with modern people. In fact, this ban is not given to tribes people. For example, the Brazilian government banned the use of modern human beings on the Brazilian-Peruvian border by a special law. Technology or potential diseases brought by modern man can make such tribes turn into modern people.
Or it could completely destroy it. Such tribes do not live in caves but in their own homes. They use fire. They're hunting. They're not living an immigrant life. These are the only differences from Homo Sapiens.
Today, although these tribes still exist in the paleotic period, we have come across fossils living in today’s world. We know from the fossil record that Wollemi pine lived in Australia about 200 to 100 million years ago. However, by a group of scientists, the living bodies of these fossil trees were discovered in the Konyon national park. At first, the place of this ancient pine was not told to anybody, but the pines produced from these pines were sold all over the world and at least spread to the world. Even the statesmen who came to Australia were given these pines as present. This allowed the spread of these pines genetically. Just like Homo sapiens, this pine tree still keeps itself in the world. Can we find the living cousins of other fossil living creatures in the future?
It is indeed interesting to note that the same cultural and vital traces existed throughout the history of modern human beings with nearly 200,000 references in the biological and cultural evolution of Homo Sapiens. Only the tribes of the aforementioned Amazons, as well as the fact that they were found new in other living creatures representing the past, show that science is still insufficient and that there are still assets to be discovered. In 2015, a group of scientists found a frilly shark with some 300 teeth, approximately 80 million inhabitants thought to have lived approximately 80 million years before the ocean around Australia. It is quite surprising that this creature, which is only found in fossils as a fossil, still lives today. A list of living creatures that have been thought to be extinct is called Lazarus Taxon list.
This name comes from Jesus Christ having miraculously revived St. Lazarus in Chapter 11 of the Gospel. Another example comes from the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. At a depth of 528 meters, the Japanese scientists were able to capture images of the fossil fish, known as the “coelacanth”, by camera. The fossils of this fish species date back to 400 million years ago. It was believed that the generations were exhausted between 250 and 66 million years ago. It is possible to duplicate such samples. In short, we can say that the deep seas serve as an aquarium for living fossils. Usually unchanging ecological conditions can slow down evolution in animal species, and there is a rapid evolution of the sea surface under the influence of rising and descending waters. Many species are lost and only fossils remain from those species were found. Especially in waters below 4 thousand meters depth, the same species continues to live. Living fossils are evidence of the past. It transmits the living conditions in geological periods to the present. In this respect, the zoologist and botanists as well as paleontologists are very interested.
It is interesting to see the starting point of cultural evolution in different places today. It is possible to observe societies with cultural differences ranging from the paleontic phase to the medieval phase in Europe in the Amazon or in a corner of Anatolia. Although modernity is an arrow, it would represent science centers such as NASA or CERN. We can say that the current starting point represents the tribes in the Amazon or New Guinea. This arrow represents a time period of about 200 thousand years.
The fact that Homo sapiens first lived a life in caves or in simple houses that he built himself and then he discovered some subatomic particles in some scientific institutions such as CERN, or found new galaxies in NASA, represents a cultural revolution from zero to one.
Each person's contribution to the world may be different. Some make a positive contribution, while others can make a negative contribution. A scientist such as Einstein, while providing added value for humanity, took things from mankind in a person like “Jack the Ripper”. Modern people generally need to think concrete to understand something. Exercise is an important concept in abstract thinking. But the importance of numbers in positive sciences is enormous. Scientists such as Einstein are measured in numbers. The numbers have an important place in every work they do. The numbers are important in the Jack the Ripper. The number of murders and the number of years they had been captured could still be meaningful when expressed in numbers. Math is an artificial language invented by Homo sapiens to understand the universe. Talking with matter and responding to our questions are always with numbers. This language is such a difficult language that it is difficult to understand. Even thousands of times more harder than Chinese, which we now consider to be the most difficult language. Those who use this language best are mathematicians. Thanks to this language, physicists, geologists or other scientists speak with matter. Mankind has reduced the number of things throughout history. The number of evils or crimes we have made returns to us in terms of numbers. For example, the punishment of stealing something like that is a prison sentence. Or we can face the penalty for smoking in the indoor area. These penalties are regulated by laws and can be measured as a crime by representing each crime. The society tries to stand sociologically in this way. Evil equals crime. We can count that. But every goodness we do on behalf of society is unfortunately not counted by the laws and we are not given a reward for every good we do. For example, a person who stole money, for example, 2 years in prison, a person who finds the money and handing it to the owner is just getting an abstract award or thanks, or nothing.
We receive this prize only with religious motifs. It is said that we will take the goodness we do, we will take its rewards in heaven. Homo sapiens’ biggest dream is take the rewards in this World not in heaven. That is why this dilemma is upsetting us and we always put things in the second place. If we had an expression of everything we did, I'm sure the world could become a much more beautiful place. In short, if there is a numerical expression of evil, there should be a numerical expression in goodness.
If we go back to the language of mathematics, using this language effectively will deepen our conversation with matter. When Homo sapiens first existed at different points in Africa, the entropy was low. So it moves in a regular mass. Its population was few. But as the years passed, entropy rose and spread all over the world in Homo sapiens, such as the Maxwell distribution, a form of dissemination of gas molecules in the room, which were spread all over the room. Homo sapiens, who came across Europe with a group of Neanderthal people in Europe, spoke different languages. Homo sapiens was capable of speaking with their own race with their own developed language. However, there was no common language developed by Neanderthals. As a result, the Homo sapiens race destroyed the Neanderthal from the world. This event dates back to 30,000 years ago. In genome studies conducted in 2010, there is only a 0.12 percent difference between modern human species (Homo Sapiens sapiens) and Neanderthals. In the past, Homo sapiens and Neanderthals had made marriages, so they allowed for gene change. Neanderthal gene ratios are higher in people of Asian origin. In fact, we may be interested in what percentage of our genes come from Neanderthals.
In this topic, National Geographic has conducted a study called bir “Genographic Project”. Genome sequences can be made with samples taken from people all over the world. Of course, this is not a complete genome sequence. Only some specific gene regions are analyzed. It is possible to learn our entire genome with some money. In 2010, a musician by the name of Ozzy Osbourne issued his own genome sequence. He has learned that a gene on the chromosome 10 has a Neandertal gene. This gene is one of the physical characteristics of this person. Harvard University genetic scientist George Church claimed that a Neanderthal man can be made by using genes. What is very interesting is that the descendants of Homo sapiens, a species that had disappeared 30 thousand years ago, will be able to re-emerge. If such a race reappears in the world and its numbers multiply over time, we will not know if a war between Homo sapiens and Neantertal will reappear.
Communication is one of the most important weapons. When it was used well, when the world was used badly, it brought war over the world. Only Homo sapiens did not communicate directly with any creature other than Neanderthals from outside their race. It is also unknown how he communicates with the Neanderthals. Any birds, dogs or cats could not establish a communication with human beings. Human beings have communicated only through language with its own race. In thousands of years, the single language used by Homo sapiens has been divided into thousands of branches, creating English, Turkish and other languages. People communicate with sounds. Sounds from the outside world are evaluated in the temporal lobe in our brain. The information coming from our sensory organs to our brain cortex is interpreted and sent back to the related organ.
All of these processes take place in the “Wernicke Area ” of our brain. Speech sounds are given in this field. Expressions considered abstract are from the in the “Broca area” in our brains. These parts evolved evolutionarily over time and reached the highest level in today's man. Some animals do not communicate with sounds, but with chemical secretions. For example, ants. Some organisms also communicate with body movements. For example, if people could communicate with a cat or dog, could we learn something new? Could they contribute a positive information to us? I think we will find the answer to them in time.
Writer: Dr.Musa Tokmak
http://www.musatokmak.com