The Fulfillment of the Law
17 Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.
Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Certainly not! On the contrary, we uphold the law. ROM 3:31
18 For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke will by no means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.
19 Therefore whoever annuls one of the least of these commands and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.
20 For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven.
Murder
21 You have heard that it was said to those of old, “You shall not murder, and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.”
22 But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. And whoever says to his brother, “Raca,” will be answerable to the court. And whoever says, “You fool!” will be guilty enough to go into the fire of hell.
23 Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you,
24 leave your gift there before the altar and go. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.
25 Settle quickly with your adversary while you are on the way to court with him, so that your opponent may not hand you over to the judge, and the judge to the officer, and you be thrown into prison.
26 Truly I say to you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.
Adultery
27 You have heard that it was said, “You shall not commit adultery.”
28 But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
29 If your right eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. For it is better for you to lose one of the parts of your body, and not that your whole body should be cast into hell.
30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. For it is better for you to lose one of the parts of your body, and not that your whole body should be cast into hell.
Divorce
31 Furthermore it has been said, “Whoever divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.”
32 But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except for the reason of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery; and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.
Oaths
33 Again, you have heard that it was said to those of old, “You shall not make false vows, but shall fulfill your vows to the Lord.”
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain [by swearing at variance with what is known, e.g., that a pillar of stone is one of gold], for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. EXO 20:7
Rashi’s Commentary
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain—For no valid reason, idly. What is an oath taken for no valid reason? If one takes an oath declaring something, the nature of which is evident, to be different from what it is: e.g., swearing about a stone pillar that it is of gold (Shevuot 29a).
Woe to you, blind guides, who say “If anyone swears by the temple, that is nothing; but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is obliged to perform it.” MAT 23:16
34 But I say to you, do not swear at all: either by heaven, for it is God’s throne;
22 If you make a vow to the Lord your God, you shall not delay [beyond the space of three festivals] to pay it, for the Lord your God will certainly demand it of you and it will be counted as a sin in you.
Rashi’s Commentary
If you make a vow . . . you shall not delay to pay it—Beyond three festivals after the vow has been made. Our Rabbis learned this (the fact that one does not transgress the prohibition before three festivals elapse) from a Scriptural text (Rosh Hashanah 4b).
23 But if you refrain from vowing, you will not be guilty of sin.
24 Observe and do what goes out from your lips, just as you have freely vowed to the Lord your God what you have promised with your mouth. DEU 23:22-24
Rashi’s Commentary
Observe and do what goes out from your lips—This is intended to add a positive command to the prohibition of delaying one’s vows (mentioned in the previous verse) (Rosh Hashanah 6a).
35 or by the earth, for it is his footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the Great King.
2 And I saw the Holy City, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride dressed for her husband.
10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me the Holy City, Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God . . . REV 21: 2, 10
36 And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black.
Which of you by worrying can add a single hour to his life? MAT 6:27
37 Let what you say be simply “Yes” or “No.” For whatever is more than these is from the evil one.
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This work, “The Fulfillment of the Law, Murder, Adultery, Divorce and Oaths,” is a derivative of:
[“Pentateuch with Rashi's Commentary on Deuteronomy”] (https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Deuteronomy?lang=bi) by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, used under Public Domain.
[“Pentateuch with Rashi's Commentary on Exodus”] (https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Exodus?lang=bi) by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, used under Public Domain.
[“The Rashi Chumash on Deuteronomy 23”] (https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.23?ven=The_Rashi_chumash_by_Rabbi_Shraga_Silverstein&lang=bi&aliyot=0) by [Rabbi Shraga Silverstein,] (https://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein) used under [CC BY 3.0.] (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
[“The Rashi Chumash on Exo 20:7”] (https://www.sefaria.org/Exodus.20.7?ven=The_Rashi_chumash_by_Rabbi_Shraga_Silverstein&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en) by [Rabbi Shraga Silverstein,] (https://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein) used under [CC BY 3.0.] (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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