👉Molecular biology / məlɛkjʊlər / is a branch of biology that concerns the molecular basis of biological activity among biomolecules in various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as these interactions of regulation . [1] Writing in Nature in 1961, William Astbury described anaerobic biology as:
... not so much a technique as an approach, an approach from the point of view of the so-called basic sciences with the leading idea of ​​searching below the large-scale manifestations of classical biology for the corresponding anual plan. It is concerned specifically with the forms of biological molecules and [...] is predominantly three-dimensional and structural-which does not mean that, however, that is only a refinement of morphology. It must be at the same time inquire in genesis and function. [2]
💥biology his best logy Relationship to other biological sciences.
Schematic relationship between biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology.
🌟Researchers in molecular biology use specific techniques native to molecular biology but increasingly combine these with techniques and ideas from genetics and biochemistry. There is not a defined line between these disciplines. The figure to the right is a schematic that depicts one possible view of the relationships between the fields:[3]
1.Biochemistry is the study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in live organisms. Biochemists focus heavily on the role, function, and structure of biomolecules. The study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are examples of biochemistry.[4]
2.Genetics is the study of the effect of genetic differences in organisms. This can often be inferred by the absence of a normal component (e.g. one gene). The study of "mutants" – organisms which lack one or more functional components with respect to the so-called "wild type" or normal phenotype. Genetic interactions (epistasis) can often confound simple interpretations of such "knockout" studies.[5]
3.Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the processes of replication, transcription, translation, and cell function. The central dogma of molecular biology where genetic material is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein, despite being oversimplified, still provides a good starting point for understanding the field. The picture has been revised in light of emerging novel roles for RNA.[1]
4.Much of molecular biology is quantitative, and recently much work has been done at its interface with computer science in bioinformatics and computational biology. In the early 2000s, the study of gene structure and function, molecular genetics, has been among the most prominent sub-fields of molecular biology. Increasingly many other areas of biology focus on molecules, either directly studying interactions in their own right such as in cell biology and developmental biology, or indirectly, where molecular techniques are used to infer historical attributes of populations or species, as in fields in evolutionary biology such as population genetics and phylogenetics. There is also a long tradition of studying biomolecules "from the ground up" in biophysics.[citation needed]
Animation of DNA
For more extensive list on protein methods, see protein methods. For more extensive list on nucleic acid methods, see nucleic acid methods.?