Bitcoin is the first real world experiment of cryptocurrency that has achieved such scale and global recognition.
For the first time, the governments and the central banks have found an economic concept challenging their authorities and their power to design the monetary policies of their countries. This is alarming and freeing at the same time. The world has enjoyed a very long and reasonably successful period under fiat currencies where the central banks hold the unchallenged privilege to decide the monetary trajectory. With the arrival of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin the weaknesses of the fiat currencies and their governing authorities are becoming more apparent than ever.
To answer your question, Bitcoin may fail. The governments may decide to ban it, punish its users, close the exchanges. However, none of this would matter as the message has already been conveyed. The idea of a free currency, regulated by no one but by the simple principle of demand and supply, protected by no one but by the cryptological algorithms, has already been placed in the minds and consciousness of the dreamers and innovators. I think the job of the Bitcoin is already done.