Suppose that two millionaires want to discover who is the richest without, for that, one discovers the value of the other's fortune.
This problem can be easily solved if both agree on a judge whom they can entrust with the task of calculating the answer without breaking the privacy of either of them. The challenge, however, is to replace that judge with a multilateral interaction, or protocol, that reaches the same degree of security.
This means driving a secure multilateral computing. This example is known as the problem of millionaires Yao and was proposed by Andrew Yao in one of the first efforts to develop a safe driving generally multilateral computations.
Since then, in the 1980s, several advances have been made in this regard and, today, it is already a well-established result that any multilateral function can be computed safely.
This great result however, comes with an important reservation: justice can not be achieved in general. Justice is understood as the guarantee that, at the end of a computation, or all the participants receive their answers or none of them receives.
Motivated by this result of impossibility, several alternative definitions of justice have been conceived. One of them considers a computation as fair if participants who act dishonestly are monetarily penalized.
That is, if some participants receive the result of the computation and deprive others of receiving, then that action is penalized and the other participants compensated.
With this definition, a fair computation can be seen as the fulfillment of a contract, in which each participant commits to act honestly or pay a fine.
In this perspective, recent work demonstrates how cryptocurrencies can be used to write these contracts and, therefore, serve to conduct secure and monetarily fair multilateral computations. interact between humans and other human or artificial intelligence mechanisms or robots in the future.
A criptomeda is a monetary system based on cryptographic principles to achieve safety and control the rate of issuing new coins.
The Bitcoin, created in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto was the first embodiment of this idea. It is based on public data structure called blockchain, which stores the history of all transactions already completed. which can be consulted by any human or artificial intelligence, but can not be modified.
Blockchain security, including no malleability, is guaranteed by the difficulty of the work required to test new information in that structure is added.
Each currency transfer in Bitcoin is done in a way that a user can only receive them by presenting an entry that satisfies a script specified by the sender.
Written contracts through these scripts are enforced without the need for intervention by an external or reliable human hand, this feature is what makes Bitcoin is appropriate and attractive to give justice to secure multilateral computations. This is the secure computation of any human or non-human function. that came from the future to improve the security of humanity.
"Knowledge is Power"
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