- The Role of Acehnese Ulemas in the Past
Historically Scholars in Aceh have a role not only in religious affairs but also social affairs of society. As in uniting that society
we can see this when the aceh war (1873-1905) in which the troops The Netherlands for the first time entered the coast of Kuala lue led by Major General
Verpijick with a large army and complete armies. Armament the people of Aceh is very minimal and simple but thanks to the spirit of Jihat is being waged by the scholars, the people are willing to sacrifice everything they have, good treasure, things as well as his soul. Until finally the Palace of the king fell into the hands of the Dutch where the people
backward. The next step taken to face the Dutch in a way held a deliberation that was attended by about 500 people from bergai good element of the kingdom, ulama, or the people. The deliberations were led by Imum lueng brick and Teugku
lamnga who is a local cleric. After the scholars gave an opinion and explanations in terms of Islamic law so that the meeting decides obligatory do a sabil war to drive the Dutch kafir.
In the history of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, scholars have been given political power and position, so they can take policy against that event occurs in society. Call it as stated in "Qanun Meukuta Nature "article 23:" For the villagers in Aceh who dare to accept people non-Muslim foreigners overnight at his home, if caught then the party will
fined kifarat by the cleric with the obligation to feed the assembly of jum'at or holding a feast for the poor.
In addition to fostering educational institutions since the time of the empire
the aceh ulama are also engaged in development efforts, especially in the field social, agriculture and behavior. For example in the field of agriculture is
Teungku Chik in Pasi, Teugku chik di Bambi, Teungku chik trueng capli and Teungku chik on ribee. In order to increase agriculture, they can build a can (irrigation) the pasa zamannnya counted long enough. Teungku chik in Pasi builds irrigation with a water strap named leung star along the 40 kilometers so with
the existence of irrigation of wide rice fields in Pidie area can be flooded with water enough. So the endurance of scholars in society because of moral quality and his scholarship made the ulama as a figure respected by the people of Aceh.
After the Dutch succeeded in occupying the territory of Aceh (1905-1942) here appears organization of Unity of All Aceh (PUSA) on 5 Mai 1939. Where many
one of the breakthroughs is to reform education. Method this was pioneered by Teungku Saman Siron by way of teaching religious knowledge from how to sit morally dibale to be sitting on a bench wearing a blackboard in front and this proved to be more effective. In addition, the addition of educational materials
of religious education increases with general knowledge while still using Arabic. Thus the Ulama in the past also served as agents change / reformer figure.
- The role of today's Acehnese Ulema
Nowadays, Aceh's condition is getting conducive and also in barengi with it
a new rule is the implementation of Islamic law based on Law no. 44 of 1999
and Law no. 18 of 2001, on the Implementation of Islamic Shari'ah is a
values that are commonly owned by Muslim communities, especially Aceh. Provincial Features Daerah Istimewa Aceh as the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Giving special autonomy for Aceh confirms claims about the privileges of this region compared to other regions in Indonesia. The four features of Aceh are
privileges in religious life, education, adat, (role) of ulama. And last was fought with Law No.11 / 2006 on Aceh Government.
One of the policy products within Aceh's special autonomy framework is
formalization of SI (Shari'at Islam). Simply Shari'ah Islam or SI in the sense etymology is the path to the spring, or place through which the river water,
while in terminology is a set of divine norms that govern relationships man with God, human relationships with others in social life, human relationships with other creatures in the environment. Constitution which contains these 24 chapters recognizes the establishment of an autonomous government in form
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam or the prosperous Aceh Darussalam State. Contents The law refers to three things, namely the ijma 'about adat, ijma' about
implementation of Islamic law, and ijma 'on education. The law then translated again by DPRD in the form of local regulations (Perda). Formalization of SI is
the process of integrating some of the teachings contained in Islamic jurisprudence into form local government policies. The main objectives are:
- Organize the life of the people of NAD province in accordance with the rules or
teachings of Islam. - Establishing an Islamic society is manifested in the form of efforts impose control over social order by referring to Islamic laws (shari'at).
And many more scholars in aceh as well as his successors who continue to improve.....