What is Centrifuge?

Centrifuge is a device usually used for medical purposes. Separates the particles in a liquid or solid material. It works with the effect of centrifugal force.

What is Centrifuge? (Features, Types)
The centrifuge is a moving device that rotates with a fixed axis. It is an indispensable and most valuable part of laboratory equipment. It usually works with an electric motor. Centrifugal force principle works. This force is also called "centrifugal force". In principle it is based on decomposition by rotating the particles in the solid or liquid material with a greater force and a greater speed than the acceleration of gravity. Centrifugal devices can operate between 10 and 15,000 rpm, depending on the size of the motor and the area used. Commercial applications are used for different processes such as astronomy, geotechnical modeling, dairy industry, serum production, suspension separation and isotope separation. The working principle of centrifugation is "centrifugal force" which we frequently encounter in daily life. Washing machines, some toys in children's parks work on this principle. You can find other details in our work.

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Historical
The roots of the centrifuge extend to the 18th century. British military engineer Benjamin Robins invented a device with a bending arm to determine drift. A similar instrument was first used in 1864 to separate milk. Antonin Prandtl invented and used his first manual centrifuge to separate the milk from the slide. Prandtl's brother Alexander Prandtl invented the "oil extraction" machine in 1875 by developing his technique. The first centrifuge in the laboratory was used by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. First, the devices used to separate the milk were developed and nowadays become important and indispensable devices in modern lab applications.

The word "centrifuge" is the French word for "centrifuge". It is derived from Latin "center" meaning "center" and "escape" meaning "fuga". It is also a word associated with the word "center" with the word "center round".

Definition
The centrifugal means allow the densities of solid and liquid particles to be rotated and separated at different speeds at different densities. Rotational motion at ordinary speed separates particles by centrifugation in a liquid or solid such as cells, white blood cells, bacteria and isotopes. It can even disintegrate suspensions or emulsions in liquid. The separation depends on the device turning at high speed. The centrifugal force provided by the rotational motion of the device applies more force to dense or heavy particles in the material and separates it from other materials.

Working principle
Centrifugal devices allow separation of mixtures or compounds according to the principle of precipitation. The heavy materials in the mixture are stored by centrifugal force in the bottom of the tube (pellet). In other words, it is moved out of circular motion. Lighter materials are collected on the tube. That is, it moves towards the center of circular motion. It is the ideal device for separation of suspensions and emulsions. If we give an example to this process; the blood clots placed on the centrifuge can be easily removed under the device, in the middle of the oil and on the serum.

In the centrifuge there are sinks where the mixes can be placed. Special pipe is used for centrifuge. These tubes are placed symmetrically on the device. How long the device will return and how many minutes it can change depends on the item inside. Set the appropriate cycle and minute. Different or constant angular centrifuges are available. The tubes in the different angled centrifuges are approaching the horizontal position when the engine starts to work, the device is in the upright position. In some designs, the tubing is placed on sloping beds. In this model, the tube protects its openings during rotation.

A centrifuge operates with an electric motor that applies a force that rotates about a fixed axis. The intensity of the particles, the shape, the applied force and the intensity of the medium affect the decline rate. In an other saying; The rate of precipitation varies according to the concentrations and sizes of the substances in the tube. Centrifuge mass; the size of the centrifugal force, the mass of the precipitated particles, the angular velocity of the rotation, and the distance of the separation particles to the central rotation axis.