Granada is brimming with amazing architecture, the remnants of an epic and sometimes violent history, unique gastronomy, and intricate neighborhoods.
Granada, named for its plentiful fruit, la granada (the pomegranate), is an ideal holiday destination because of its magnitude of sights, its illustration of Andalusian lifestyle, and its convenient access to both mountain and beach.
A Brief History of Granada, Spain
Granada has had a multitude of cultures and kings. It served as a Greek colony (Elibyrge), a Roman territory (Illiberis), and a military stronghold for the Visigoths. Muslim forces took over the city and its Jewish communities in the early 700s, and the city remained under Nasrid rule for nearly 800 years (making it the longest-standing Moorish colony on the Iberian Peninsula), during which time an intricate blend of cultures thrived.
Ferdinand and Isabella's army finally succeeded at forcing the surrender of Granada and its great military fortress to Christian control on January 2, 1492. Although Granada's Muslim residents were initially allowed to maintain their own beliefs, members of the Jewish community were forcibly expelled. When Muslims were later forced to convert to Christianity, many became Catholics, while many fled to North Africa and surrounding regions. Meanwhile, mosques were converted or destroyed.
Today, echoes of Granada's intricate past remain. The clash of cultures it has undergone is evident in its unique ambiance and in every other aspect of the city, from its architecture to its food.
Visiting La Alhambra and Generalife of Granada, Spain
Granada is best known for this sprawling and gorgeous Moorish fortress. This architectural jewel is the world's best example of the medieval Islamic building style and is laden with centuries of history. The Alhambra, or "The Red Fortress," was originally built for military purposes, but was transformed into a palace when Muhammed I ibn Nasr took up residence there after fleeing King Ferdinand's Christian troops. Its strategic location, between the mountains and the sea and poised on a tall hilltop, made it nearly indestructible, and it weathered many attacks, including one by Napoleon.
Once under Spanish control, the Alhambra was converted into a royal vacation destination, retaining the original architecture and expanding to allow numerous additional buildings and an expanse of intricate gardens. A trip to Granada, Spain, without a visit to La Alhambra and Generalife would be a wasted journey. Plan to spend a whole day there!
Granada's Notable Islamic and Spanish Architecture
Due to Granada's intertwined Moorish and Catholic roots, its architecture is greatly varied and hugely valuable. Aside from the Alhambra and its interior palaces, Granada holds many must-see constructions.
The Granada Cathedral
As Granada was one of the last cities held under Muslim rule (coming under Spanish rule only in 1492), construction of the Granada Cathedral did not begin until early in the 16th century and was not completed for nearly 200 years. The cathedral was built on the site of the original mosque during the Spanish Renaissance, though in 1667, Alonso Cano and Gaspar de la Pena altered the facade, adding Baroque elements. The building itself is located in the center of the city, and the surrounding buildings come nearly up to the cathedral walls, making exterior photos difficult to take.
The Madrasah of Granada
This 14th century Moorish building was the first university of Granada, and continues to serve this purpose today. Despite its age, much of the building has been converted to the Baroque style, boasting an 18th century style.
The Granada Charterhouse
Construction on this Carthusian monastery began in the year 1516 and followed the trends of the Baroque style. Although the exterior is fairly simple, it is very famous due to its interior artwork. It's well-known for its tabernacle, designed by Francisco Hurtado Izquierdo.
Granada's Famous Neighborhoods, The Albaicín and The Sacromonte
Granada's history extends from its architecture into its characteristic streets, which provide tourists with unforgettable memories and great photos. The Albaicín, despite the cultural difficulties of the past, still provides a good illustration of the ancient Moorish quarter. It is located on a hill alongside the river and contains Moorish style white-washed houses built on steep cobblestone streets. The neighborhood is a maze of small houses, hidden churches, and Arabic shops and restaurants. This quarter is best toured on foot, and the view of La Alhambra from La Plaza de San Nicolas is a must-see.
The Sacromonte is now most well-known for its Gitano cave houses and gypsy population. In recent years it has become a tourist destination thanks to its flamenco dancing, which is performed in caves.
Gastronomy in Granada
Granada holds many gastronomical treasures thanks to its historic blend of cultures. Spanish style tapas (small snacks that accompany drinks) adopt Arabic influence, resulting in original food combinations. Granada is home to many typical Andalusian restaurants, but each holds a unique Granadine identity. Some food favorites include gazpacho, lamb meatballs, fried fish, and, of course, Andalusian sherry and Spanish wine-based drinks. Many traditional Arabic restaurants can be found.