In the Soviet state, the humane doctrine of maintaining the army was accepted at the expense of its own people. And the Wehrmacht Germany kept at the expense of the resources of the territories it had conquered.
For the above reasons, on 12.09.1941, it was necessary to adopt the Resolution of the USSR State Defense Committee No. 662; commissioned on September 22 by order of the People's Commissar of Defense N 312.
Its essence is: The reduction of the content of peacetime and the introduction in the Red Army of norms of nutrition in four categories.
'As before, bread, cereals and pasta, potatoes and vegetables, meat and fish are the basis of the allowance. Tea, sugar, salt, seasonings and spices (tomato paste, pepper, bay leaf, vinegar, mustard). Additionally, individual categories of servicemen received butter, eggs and dairy products, canned goods, biscuits and fruits.
The norms of the daily allowance of the Red Army men and the commanding staff of the fighting units of the active army included 800 g of rye bread (in the cold season, from October to March - 900 g), 500 g of potatoes, 320 g of other vegetables (fresh or sauerkraut, carrots, beets, onion, greens), 170 grams of cereals and pasta, 150 grams of meat, 100 grams of fish, 50 grams of fat (30 grams of fodder and bacon, 20 g of vegetable oil), 35 g of sugar. Smoked servicemen were supposed to daily 20 g of makhorka, monthly - 7 smoking books as paper and three boxes of matches. Compared with pre-war norms, only wheat bread, replaced with rye bread, disappeared from the main ration. T. 13 (2 - 2). M. 1997, p. 95 - 102.
'Norms of nutrition for other categories of servicemen were reduced. In the rear of the active army, Red Army men and commanders began to receive less for 100 grams of bread, 30 grams of cereals and pasta, 30 grams of meat, 20 grams of fish, 5 grams of fats, and 10 grams of sugar.
The average and higher commanding staff was additionally allocated 40 g butter or lard, 20 g cookies, 50 grams of canned fish, 25 cigarettes or 25 grams of tobacco per day and 10 boxes of matches per month. Given the climatic and weather conditions, in the troops of the first line of the Karelian Front, from December to February, 25 grams of lard was given in addition, and in doses unfavorable for tsingotnyh diseases one dose of vitamin C.
In the event that it was impossible to organize food for the troops with hot food, they were given a dry ration.
The increased ration with mandatory hot breakfast relied on the air force technical staff of the Air Force, which was also divided into four categories.
The daily allowance for the combat calculations of the crews of the army of the active army increased compared to the pre-war standards-up to 800 grams of bread (400 grams of rye and 400 grams of white bread), 190 grams of cereals and pasta, 500 g of potatoes, 385 g of other vegetables, 390 g of meat and poultry, 90 grams of fish, 80 grams of sugar, and 200 g of fresh and 20 g of condensed milk, 20 g of curd, 10 g of sour cream, 0.5 eggs, 90 g of cream and 5 grams of vegetable oil, 20 grams of cheese, fruit extract and dried fruits for compote). The daily allowance for the technical composition of the Air Force units of the active army, on the contrary, decreased. The aircraft was also supposed to keep a reserve in the event of accidents and forced landings (3 cans of condensed milk, 3 cans of canned meat, 800 g of biscuits, 300 g of chocolate or 800 g of biscuits, 400 g of sugar per person.
For those who underwent treatment in hospitals and sanatoriums, special norms of nutrition were provided. 'Russian archive. T. 13 (2 - 2). M. 1997, p. 95 - 102.
'Nutritional value of the basic food rations of servicemen of the Red Army
Kind of ration Calorie (calories)
Combat Parts - 3450
Rear of the active army-2954
Stroyevyh and spare parts that were not part of the active army-2822
Guard units and rear institutions- 2659
Flight units of the active army-4712
Hospital-3243
Kursant-3370 »
The rear in the Great Patriotic War. M. 1971, p. 191
'The established norms of contentment during the war were not revised, but were supplemented: non-smoking female servicemen began to give out 200 g of chocolate or 300 g of sweets per month in exchange for tobacco allowance (order of 12 August 1942); then a similar norm was extended to all non-smoking servicemen (Order of November 13, 1942 »
Russian archive. T. 13 (2 - 2), p. 285, 368
Stalin genuinely loved aviation, did everything to distinguish and highlight the Air Force. And not because the military pilot fought his son Vasily (the son of N. Khrushchev was also a pilot, was killed at the front). Stalin's adopted son, whom he treated as his own, Artem Sergeev, honestly and valiantly served in artillery, was wounded 6 times (once with a bayonet in the stomach in hand-to-hand combat) and rose to the rank of marshal of the USSR.
It was military pilots who, among other servicemen, received ties, white shirts, and tunics from Stalin. Pilots were given butter and white bread, vodka in the dining room after the flights were poured honestly, without stealing.
At the military on the front line, those who ate at the field kitchens, with food was much worse.
Stalin and other leaders of the USSR knew about this problem. For example, they knew from the letters and stories of their warring children at the front. I must note that the children of the Soviet elite really fought!
They also knew from the reports of the Special Forces SMERSH, their agents and informers were in every division of the Red Army.
Here I will make a brief digression. The fact is that in the real world the dragons dragged and dragged Vanka-platoon, Vanka-company. 'They will not send a farther front, more companies will not be given.' 'Vanka-platoon' as a stable common name of a Russian officer of a low-level army unit is traced from 1941. Perhaps, somehow I'll develop this topic in a separate post about the brutal trench truth, it's worth it.
With reference to the topic of the present post, I confine myself to the following.
In order to sweeten the life of Vanka-platoon, short and full of bitterness and injustice, Stalin invented and introduced an officer's ration on the front, which was issued weekly.
It included cigarettes instead of soldier's makhorka, a couple of tins of canned meat and a bar of chocolate (soldiers received only sugar).
I will finish this article with another testimony of an eyewitness, a front-line soldier and a future professor of the Moscow State University about my front-line everyday life:
'We are not even hungry - a person is hungry, realizing clearly that he wants to eat, in which the desire is detached from him; us, hunger has penetrated all, became a state, a constant affiliation of thought, feeling, sensation, ceased to be clearly felt, merging wholly with us. ' Memory of the war hunger did not release the soldiers even after decades. ANDREEV L. G. Philosophy of Existence. Military memories. M. 2005, p. 61, 89, 92.