896 Pope Formosus crowned Arnulf King of Carinthia and Holy Roman Emperor
1071 Battle of Cassel; Robert I the Frisian defeats Arnulf III/I
1281 Simon de Brion elected Pope Martinus IV
1288 Girolamo Masci elected Pope Nicolas IV
1300 Pope Boniface VIII delegates degree
1349 Jews are expelled from Zurich, Switzerland
1495 French King Charles VIII enters Naples to claim crown
1561 William of Orange appointed viceroy of Burgundy and Charolais
1630 Native Amerian Indians introduce pilgrims to popcorn, at Thanksgiving
1632 Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published.
Astronomer & Physicist Galileo Galilei
Astronomer & Physicist
Galileo Galilei
1656 New Amsterdam granted a Jewish burial site
1744 Battle of Toulon or Battle of Cape Sicié: British vs. French & Spanish fleet
1746 French troops conquer Brussels
1746 Jacobite troops vacate Aberdeen
1774 British House of Lords rules authors do not have perpetual copyright
1775 1st US joint stock company (to make cloth) offers shares at 10 cents
1775 Jews expelled from outskirts of Warsaw, Poland
1784 1st US ship to trade with China, "Empress of China", sails from NY
1797 The Last Invasion of Britain by the French, begins near Fishguard, Wales
1819 Spain renounces claims to Oregon Country, Florida (Adams-Onís Treaty)
1821 Spain sells (east) Florida to United States for $5 million
1825 Russia & Britain establish Alaska-Canada boundary
1828 Russia & Persia sign Peace of Turkmantsjai