The American rock and roll artist was best known for his songs Ain't That A Shame and Blueberry Hill.
The New Orleans singer sold more than 65 million records, outselling every 1950s rock and roll act except Elvis Presley.
His million-selling debut single, The Fat Man, is credited by some as the first ever rock and roll record.
An official from New Orleans coroner's office confirmed the death, which was earlier announced by Domino's daughter to a local television station.
Fats DominoImage copyrightCLIVE LIMPKIN
Image caption
Fats Domino had more than 30 hit singles
Fats Domino - whose real name was Antoine Domino Jr - was one of the first rhythm and blues artists to gain popularity with a white audience and his music was most prolific in the 1950s.
Domino had a string of number ones and more than 30 top 40 hits.
His music is also credited as a key influence on artists during the 1960s and 70s.
Elvis Presley referred to Fats Domino as "the real king of rock n roll" and Paul McCartney reportedly wrote the Beatles song Lady Madonna in emulation of his style.
In 1986 he was among the first inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but by his later life Domino would no longer leave his Louisiana hometown - not even to accept the award.
New Orleans-born musician and actor Harry Connick Jr is among those who have paid tribute to Domino on Twitter, saying he had "helped pave the way for New Orleans piano players".
Twitter post by @HarryConnickJR: RIP fats domino... you helped pave the way for new orleans piano players... see you on top of that blueberry hill in the sky ❤️🙏🏼❤️Image Copyright @HarryConnickJR@HARRYCONNICKJR
Report
KT Tunstall thanked the pioneering artist for being an inspiration:
Twitter post by @KTTunstall: Thank you Fats Domino, you were an amazing music teacher on your records ❤️#RIPImage Copyright @KTTunstall@KTTUNSTALL
Report
And Samuel L Jackson paid tribute citing the lyrics of one of Domino's best loved songs:
Twitter post by @SamuelLJackson: I found My Thrill on Image Copyright @SamuelLJackson@SAMUELLJACKSON
Report
Fats Domino: A life in music
Fats DominoImage copyrightGETTY IMAGES
Antoine "Fats" Domino Jr was born in New Orleans on 26 Feb 1928, the son of a violinist. His parents were of Creole origin, and French Creole was spoken in the family.
He was musically inclined from an early age and learned piano from his brother in law, the jazz banjo player, Harrison Verrett.
He was given his nickname by bandleader Bill Diamond for whom he was playing piano in honky-tonks as a teenager. He said the youngster's technique reminded him of two other great piano players, Fats Waller and Fats Pichon.
Domino left school at the age of 14 to work in a bedspring factory by day, and play in bars by night. He was soon accompanying such New Orleans luminaries as Professor Longhair and Amos Milburn.
In the mid-1940s, he joined trumpeter Dave Bartholomew's band, and the two co-wrote Domino's first hit The Fat Man. Suddenly, the New Orleans sound became popular nationwide.
Read more about the life of Fats Domino here
Presentational grey line
In an interview with the BBC in 1973, Domino spoke about his early life.
He said: "I was 17 when I made my first record in 1949. I never thought about being professional. I used to work in a lumberyard and that's where I first heard a number on a jukebox and I liked it. It was a piano number. It was called 'Swanee River Boogie' by Albert Ammonds."
Despite both musical heavyweights coming from New Orleans, Fats Domino said he only met Louis Armstrong twice in his life.
He told the BBC: "I liked the way he was singing 'Blueberry Hill'. See, a lot of people think I wrote 'Blueberry Hill' but I didn't.
"That number was wrote in 1927 and I recorded that song in 1957. We just put a different background and I just sing it the way it would fit me and it came out great for me."