Another income stream for authors, performers, publishers and phonogram producers that exists in many countries is that from home copying levies, which are sometimes referred to as private copying levies or blank media levies. These are levies that are applied to blank recordable media such as blank cassettes, CDRs, audiovisual tapes, recordable DVDs and hard-drives of computers, which are intended to compensate the right holders for consumers copying copy-protected material in their own homes. Some countries also apply a home copying levy on recording hardware such as
cassette recorders, video recorders, computers and DVD recorders etc. The levies collected flow to a collection society which could be a stand-alone home copying levy collection society, or one of the existing authors or related rights collection societies, after which the income is distributed to the various right holders. In the EU most of the Member States have a system of home-copying levies which generate approximately US$1 billion per year for authors, performers, publishers and phonogram producers. The levies are usually set in the 1-4 percent dealer price range for
media and/or recording equipment. In the EU, the UK, Ireland and Luxembourg are notable exceptions where no home copying levies exist, and this considerably disadvantages authors, performers, publishers and phonogram producers in those territories.
There is a school of thought which is critical of the concept of home copying levies. If for example someone purchased a blank CDR and used it to store personal holiday photographs why should he/she pay a levy, the proceeds of which go to music authors, performers, publishers and phonogram producers? Many in the music industry would answer this objection by saying that home copying levies are rough justice, but that it is far better to have rough justice than to have no justice. In some countries such as Germany, home copying levies provide a substantial income stream for authors and performers. The Dutch Private Copying Society Stichting de Thuiskopie publishes an excellent and comprehensive report each year on home copying in Europe and also includes some other countries such as Canada and Japan.
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