Since the Bitcoin network started on january 2009,many other cryptocurrencies have emerged.The most popular consensus protocols are still based on the Proof of Work (PoS) or Proof of Stake(PoS)
However PoW and PoS uses a huge amount of computational power to maintain the blockchain itself but does not provide useful work for the community. refer video below to understand PoW and PoS.
Innovations
CHAINS-ON-CHAIN ARCHITECTURE
The revolutionary Chains-on-chain architecture is designed to solve the data computation, storage, and privacy issues.
VERIFICATION GAME
Verification game provides a framework which securely perform any computational task and vastly reduces the number of redundant network node computations.
PDC (Provable Data Computation)
PDC is a statistical framework to verify the correctness of computation results with few copies of redundant computing.
PoSt & PDP
The Proof of Spacetime(PoSt) is used as the consensus protocol of storage. It provides the foundation for the decentralized storage network.
DATA MODEL ENABLES PRIVACY PRESERVING
DxChain does not only provide the data storage function, but it also gives the flexibility of retrieving files at a more granular scale.
Begining to DxChain Network
DxChain Network provides two fundamental capabilities: computation and storage.The DxChain Network is designed to serve as a data trading platform for user who want to sell their data.Big data and machine learning computation is intended to make the use of data easier and more flexible.
Structure DxChain Network Design Principle & Architecture
The entire system is designed based on the principle of incentivisation, which means that miners can maximise the utilisation of unused storage resources and facilitate decentralised big data computations with lower costs and much conveniences. DxChain Network provides decentralised big data and machine learning computation with the support of decentralised data storage.Teamwork DxChain is designing a specific chain-on-chain structure which manages the master chain,storage chain and computation chain, to reach the consensus and to provide the incentive mechanism in a Byzantine environment.
P2P storage network such as InterPLanetary File System(IPFS),Swarm and Storj,provides a flexible and extensible file system where the date frame and schema can be build.The storage chain is built on top of the storage data model, in which Proof of Spacetime(PoSt) validates whether the storage provider really stores the files.
DxChain Network will start with Hadoop, the industry proven big data platform as its computation engine. The Hadoop running element such as the job tracker,task tracker and worker, communicate with one another through using a computation chain to synchronise running jobs. With two consensus mechanisms:verication game and Provable Data Computation(PDC),this chain would incentivise nodes that provide computation power.
The master chain orchestrates the storage chain and the computation chain to maintain the master chain blocks,where the participating nodes may provide storage and computation power to obtain incentives.Shows chart the high level DxChain Network infrastructure from the figure, one can see how the master chain, storage chain and computation chain work together.
Chains-on-chain structure
The DxChain team is designing the three chain structure with two unique properties:
- Master and side chains structure
- Immutable master chain and elastic side chains
Property 1 splits the chains according to the functions.Property 2 solves the problems of scalability, throughput and latency of the blockchain.
The master chain is in charge of maintaining transactions. Based on experience from Bitcoin and Ethereum this master chain is kept immutable
The side chains in the DxChain Network are in charge of storage and computation. These two functions are time bounded, so that the blocks do not need to indenfinitely store expired data.The DxChain team is designing a chain shortening algorithm which could remove unused data to ave valuable block space.
Computing
The computation running on the DxChain Network are intended to support more general purpose processing such as database query and MapReduce work.Bitcoin uses blockchain to store all its transaction record to achieve consensus in the network and this consensus needs more than half of the active nodes to agree.Its is impossible to store all computation states in a blockchain to ensure computation consensusu;therefore the DxChain team uses two mechanisms to ensure the correctness of computation:verification game algorithm and Provable Data Computation(PDC)
Verification game algorithm is designed as a system with three main types of roles solver,verifier and judge.This interactive system can testify to the correctness of a computation procedure without wasting too much computation power. Provable Data Computation(PDC) is a statistical framework to testify to the correctness of computation results with few copies of redundant computing.
Using verification game algorithm and PDC, DxChain Network is envisioned to solve the problems of outsourced computation and decentralised mining. Therefore, MapReduce work could potentially be performed on this platform.
Hadoop
Hadoop is an industry proven big data platform which includes HDFS for file storage,YARN or MapReduce for job scheduling as well as a collection of tools to run distributed jobs. Since Hadoop is a centralised system, it needs coordinators to scedule jobs. The DxChain Network is designed to adapt the Hadoop ecosystem to a decentralised environment.
In order to orchestrate the job tracker, task tracker and workers, a computation chain is designed to keep the computation states on the DxChain Network.It is used to validate the correctness of the computations and manage computation tasks. With the control of the computations states, a MapReduce pipeline can be implemented on the DxChain Network.
Built on MapReduce, a collection of tools such as Pig,Hive and Mahout is intended to be implemented for database operations and machine learning algorithms. Some Business intelligence operations may be established through using these tools.
DxChain Network: Vision Blockhain Architecture
In order to keep the benefits of blockchain, as well as make a chain light, fast and extendable, the DxChain team proposes a new design with two layers of blockchains chains-on-chain:master blockchain and side blockchains. The new system can more easily interoperate across chains for assets, data and messages. Besides, the side chains only carry the data storage and computing tasks, so technical innovation is not hindered.
Design overview
The master chain is similar to that of Bitcoin and Ethereum-it stores the ledger and asset information such as state,transaction and receipt, as well as the smart contracts. The master chain is good for storing small pieces of information since it is immutable. In order to support the complex data structure and computing information, the DxChain team propose two side chains:
- Data Side Chain(DSC)-it is built upon a P2P distributed file storage system and stores the non-assets information.
- Computing Side Chain(CSC)-unlike the hash mining(PoW) in Bitcoin, it is designed for useful work to solve real business problems and supports the specific computing task on the DxChain Virtual Machine(DVM).
The computing unit can read data from the DSC and also write the result back to the DSC. After one job finishes, the final state, related cost and corresponding incentives are stored on the master chain via smat contract. The intermediate states and task level transaction information are kept in either the DSC or CSC. With the smart contract across the master and side chain, the entire system can keep a low cost on the master chain, as well as high efficiency computing and data storage on the side chains.
Conclusion
DxChain Network is introduced — a scalable, private and exten-sible blockchain dedicated to big data and machine learning, with its architecture and core technologies including:
a new decentralised computing framework to introduce Provable Data Computing and verification game;
a new chains-on-chain design to orchestrate a master chain and two side chains Data Side Chain (DSC) and Computing Side Chain (CSC);
Hadoop incorporation to DxChain Network to facilitate big data and machine learning and 4) flexible and powerful DxChain Network-based system architecture, dedi-catedly designed to support most business data exchange and data analytics requirements.
For more information about project ICO DxChain,team,time frame,white paper and token sale can see below.
https://www.dxchain.com/
https://t.me/DxChainBot?start=29r1va-29r1va