Utopia, which we need to know about the concept of "utopia" which is the opposite in order to understand the meaning, is "dystopia." Utopia word means etymologically "non-existent place" even though it is used to mean the place where everything is very beautiful on daily basis. (In Greek, ou means not, topos means no place, no slice can be translated as 'non'). By combining this etymological meaning and everyday use, it is clear that there is no place where everything is so beautiful. The dystopia, which is the opposite of the utopian word, corresponds to the "imaginary and bad place". (In Greek, the 'dys' prefix is abnormal, hard and bad.) Utopia and dystopia have been subject to many literary works everyday, and in philosophical discussions Have become the most noticeable topics. In this article, I will examine how some dystopias put pressure on the body and how it controls the body.
Let's take the first book that comes to mind when you first think of dystopia: Orwell's 1984. Throughout the book, the most frequent hallucination is that the exploitation workers are constantly being asked to be kept in working positions. "Settle the war! Freedom is Slavery! The Party, which has convinced society of the existence of a war by using its slogan "Power of ignorance!", Actually wants the entire working class to work to benefit the so-called war-torn countries. Do not work and pursue freedom means the possibility of being attached to the enemy country, and for this reason workers depend on their tasks. However, workers who are still in production in their factories and offices can only access the information the Party has given, and this ignorance increases the Party 's power. Due to the need for an endless production, it is not just that the body is directed to work only. On this point, authoritarian rule, which started with the domination of the body only, adds power to the body by reducing its physical desires and sexual impulses to zero over time. Introducing privacy to the highest level, the Internal Party Administration dictates sexuality as a concept to the detriment of the demon and the country by establishing an "anti-sex organization".
Only the "Big Brother" and the party that permits sexuality to make healthy, faithful children needed for the rest of the production wants the entire bodily power, supply and libidon to head to Big Brother. Because if your sexuality is out of purpose, partisanship and productive children, then one can realize their own primitive and natural desires, and as this awareness increases, the power of authority shakes. The party physically keeps the body in constant operation and occupation, accepting any kind of ideological manipulation without question, since there is no space for the body to discharge itself. Another important novel that brings out the sound of the dystopian features is the Brave New World of Aldous Huxley. In the romance of the 26th century, sexuality was abolished and reproduction began to take place using conditioning methods in a laboratory environment called "Incubator Center". There are hundreds of embryos created from a single egg, and embryos can belong to different classes. Whatever the class, however, it is intended that each embryo will depend on the class and occupation to which it belongs in the future, using bodily conditioning which may be a Pavlov example. For example: "nature lover will not work in the field of factory; This kind of love should be abolished ", the system associates the love of nature and reading with electroshock and noise in order to realize this action. When children accept books or flowers presented to them, they grow up with "instinctual books and flower hate" because they are confronted with disturbing noise or electroshock.
Physical fears gradually turn into habit and lifestyle. From the embryo and childhood onwards, individuals who are accustomed to having these conditions can not adopt areas outside their perimeter and have no desire to leave their classroom. Thus, as the system wants, each class is obliged to fulfill its duty, so that there is no better way to force the authority of the power. The authoritarian system went beyond manipulating the bodies we saw in 1984, even controlling the creation process of the bodies they manipulated. In 1984, the chief characters were removed from the Brave New World by the possibility of people who could commit crimes deemed betrayal to countries like Winston and Julia. In 1984, sexuality, which was banned by the occupation of the bodies by labor force and the inclusion of psychological pressure on them, was conditioned as an opposite concept in the process of creation in the Brave New World, and in addition, it stole a sense of love and spiritual embryo and children. In Huxley, the bodies of human beings can be regarded as alien from the moment of creation, and this alienation is in the benefit of the authoritarian in both works, while in Orwell the manifest form of body and alienation is revealed.