Information About Global Positioning System (GPS)

Information About Global Positioning System (GPS)

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Today I will give you Information About Global Positioning System (GPS)

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Introduction of GPS.

• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most significant recent advance in navigation and positioning technology. In the past, the stars were used for navigation.

• Today's world requires greater accuracy. The new constellation of artificial stars provided by the Global Positioning System serves this important need.

• These signals are picked up by the GPS receiver, which uses this information to calculate the distance between it and the GPS satellites. With signals from three or more satellites, a GPS receiver can triangulate its location on the ground (i.e., longitude and latitude) from the known position of the satellites.

• The receiver gets signal from three satellites to calculate a position (latitude, longitude and altitude) and the signal from 4 satellites is also possible to calculate the altitude, providing the 3D view.

• In space, the signal propagates at a speed close to the speed of light, so that it takes just a few fractions of a second to traverse the distance between satellite and receiver.

• Inside the atmosphere, the speed is a bit lower, since the ionosphere and atmosphere cause a slight delay in signal propagation in relation to the speed of light (a phenomenon dubbed by the ionospheric delay), a difference that is taken into account when calculating position.

GPS Revolution

• 2018 is a year of milestones for the Global Positioning System (GPS). The concept of navigating by satellite was first discussed in the early 1960s, but it was exactly 40 years ago that the Department of Defense launched the first fully-functional NAVSTAR satellites into orbit.

• It remained a somewhat obscure military project until the early 1990s, when portable GPSs began to show up from famous brands like Sony (remember the Pyxis GPS?) and startups like Magellan (remember the NAV 1000?).

• In 1973 the Department of Defense directed the services to unify their systems.

• The basis for the new system would be atomic clocks carried on satellites, a concept successfully tested in an earlier Navy program called TIMATION. The Air Force would operate the new system, which it called the Navstar Global Positioning System. It has since come to be known simply as GPS.

• Inside the GPS revolution it's more than maps and driving directions: location-aware phones and apps now deliver the hidden information that lets users make connections and interact with the world in ways they never imagined.

• The future is here and it's in your pocket.

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Working of GPS

• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a network of about 30 satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 20,000 km. Once it has information on how far away at least three satellites are, your GPS receiver can pinpoint your location using a process called trilateration.

• Each GPS satellite transmits data that indicates its location and the current time. All GPS satellites synchronize operations so that these repeating signals are transmitted at the same instant.

• The signals, moving at the speed of light, arrive at a GPS receiver at slightly different times because some satellites are farther away than others.

• The distance to the GPS satellites can be determined by estimating the amount of time it takes for their signals to reach the receiver. When the receiver estimates the distance to at least four GPS satellites, it can calculate its position in three dimensions.

• Determining Position-A GPS receiver "knows" the location of the satellites, because that information is included in satellite transmissions.

• By estimating how far away a satellite is, the receiver also "knows" it is located somewhere on the surface of an imaginary sphere centered at the satellite. It then determines the sizes of several spheres, one for each satellite. The receiver is located where these spheres intersect.

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Navigation through GPS

• A GPS navigation system is a GPS receiver and audio/video (AV) components designed for a specific purpose such as a car-based or hand-held device or a smartphone app.

• The global positioning system (GPS) is a 24-satellite navigation system that uses multiple satellite signals to find a receiver's position on earth.

• GPS improves efficiency on land as well. Delivery trucks can receive GPS signals and instantly transmit their position to a central dispatcher. Police and fire departments can use GPS to dispatch their vehicles efficiently, reducing response time.

• GPS helps motorists find their way by showing their position and intended route on dashboard displays. RailroXads are using GPS technology to replace older, maintenance-intensive mechanical signals.

Earth Mapping

• A photograph shows all objects in its view; a map is an abstraction of reality. The cartographer selects only the information that is essential to fulfill the purpose of the map, and that is suitable for its scale.

• Maps use symbols such as points, lines, area patterns and colors to convey information.

• A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of the Earth. World maps form a distinctive category of maps due to the problem of projection. Maps by necessity distort the presentation of the earth's surface.

• During data collection, GPS points can be assigned codes to identify them as roads, streams, or other objects. These data can then be compared and analyzed in computer programs called Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

• Correct Your Watch-Because GPS includes a very accurate time reference, the system is also widely used for timekeeping. GPS receivers can display time accurate to within 150 billionths of a second.

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