Human Cloning
Cloning is etymologically derived from the word "clone" derived from the Greek word "clone" or piece, which is intended to multiply the plant.
This word is used for 2 terms:
- Cell clones which means to duplicate a number of cells from a cell that have genetically identical properties, and
- Gene or molecular clones, meaning a group of identical gene copies replicated from one gene to another.
Viewed from the way of work and its purpose, Cloning can be divided into 3 kinds: - Embryonic cloning (Embrional cloning)
- Adult DNA cloning / reproductive cloning (reproductive cloning)
- Therapeutic cloning (therapeutic cloning).
Cloning is an attempt to produce one or more individual plants or animals (whole or just part of it), which is genetically similar to that of the plant or animal.
Cloning is a genetic make-up technique with the same genetic code as the parent, in cloned humans done by preparing eggs that have been taken from the core and then put together with somatic cells from a body organ, then the result is implanted in the womb as well as in the baby tube.
Human Cloning Process
Caplan says it still takes a long time before a healthy cloned baby is born. However, Raelian groups insist they have succeeded and will later submit scientific evidence. In fact, not long after, around the first week of January 2003, the group claimed to have successfully delivered second cloned baby from a Dutch lesbian couple. However, again, there is no scientific evidence submitted in respect of the recognition for legal and personal reasons.
As for the law of cloning humans, there are individual details. Depending on how cloning is done. There are at least four ways that can be done in cloning:
- Cloning is done by taking the nucleus of cells "another woman (egg donor)" which is then implanted into the ovum of a candidate woman whose necleus has been emptied.
- Cloning is done by using the cell nucleus (nucleus) of the "candidate woman" itself, from the self-owned egg rather than the donor.
- Cloning is done by implanting the nucleus of the male into the female ovum that has been emptied of the nucleus. This male cell can come from animals, can be from humans. Keep this man can be another man, can also the husband of the woman.
- Cloning is done by fertilization of ovum by sperm (with no sex) which by certain process can produce many embryos.
In the case of the first two ways, the opinions expressed are haram, forbidden to commit such cloning on the basis of analogy (qiyas) to the haram of lesbian and sadduzarai '(precautionary measures) to the confusion of the nasab or hereditary system, whereas protecting the offspring is included one of the religious duties. On the other hand also will destroy the family system which is one of the teachings of Islam. In the third and fourth way, cloning is forbidden if the cells or sperm used belong to another man (not husband) or animal property.
The world's first cloned man named Eve, the baby girl is now 5 years old. Healthy and now start stepping on Kanak Kanak education in the suburbs of the Bahamas. Eve was the first baby born from 10 implants performed by Clonaid in 2002. Of the 10 implants, five failed. Eve's birth was a surprise. Previously scientists prepared to accept the birth of the first cloned baby 'masterpiece' Italian fertility expert, Dr. Severino Antinori, early January 2003.
Human cloning process can be explained simply as follows:
• Preparing stem cells: an initial cell that will grow into various body cells. This cell is taken from humans who want to be cloned.
• Stem cells are taken nuclei cells containing genetic information and then separated from the cell.
• Preparing the egg: a cell taken from a female volunteer then separated.
• The cell nucleus of the stem cells is implanted into the egg.
• The egg is triggered to divide and grow. After dividing (day two) into embryonic cells.
• Embryo cells that continue to divide (called a blastosis) begin to separate (day five) and ready to be implanted into the uterus.
• The embryo grows in the womb into an infant with the same genetic code as the donor stem cell.
Human Cloning Proofs
Starting from the benefits and mudlaratnya of this cloning technology, clerics, political experts, legal experts and community experts need to immediately formulate the rules of use of cloning technology. Because in the hands of 'black' scientists, cloning can be a catastrophe.
A member of the Raelian group, Brigitte Boisselier says, scientific evidence will be submitted soon, if I do not submit scientific evidence, surely you say I have made up a story. So the only way is we will invite an independent expert to place the baby's parents. There he can take samples of cells from infants and mothers, to then compare them. So you will get proof.
Raelian is so far known as a religious sect that believes that life in outer space has created life on earth. The group, which received official recognition by the state government of Quebec, Canada, as a religious movement in the 1990s claimed 55,000 members worldwide, including the United States. The group has a public park called UFO land, near Montreal.
Negative Impact Of Cloning
- In addition to having a positive impact as mentioned above, cloning techniques also have losses. Here is the negative impact of cloning techniques.
- Abuse of cloning techniques such as creating new species as opposed to human values.
- Individuals resulting from cloning techniques are particularly susceptible to a disease due to cloning techniques resulting in individuals who do not have an immune system.
- Cloning technique will cause the resulting species is monotonous, because DNA and the nature and physical clonning results exactly the same as the parent.
- Individuals resulting from cloning techniques tend to have the same lifetime as their parent, since the cells are obtained from the mother.
- Cloning technique is not perfect there are still many shortcomings, so not infrequently the animals in the cloned must be in euthanasia.
- Cloning techniques disrupt the relationship between the new individual and its host cell.