Segregation & Discrimination
African American Experience
- Long Run Theme is economic convergence with whites
- Recent periods better
- Large racial differences persists
Abolition
- Emancipation Proclomation
- 14th Amendment
- 13th Amendment
- 15th Amendment
- Little or no formal education
- Most lived in the South
- Poor
Reconstruction
- Not physical reconstruction
- "Black Codes"
- Not much Progress till later
Southern Economic Decline
- Less Cotton demand
- Sharecropping
- Less manufacturing and more agriculture
Black Voter Restrictions
- Literacy Tests
- Poll Tax
- Jim Crow Laws
Disenfranchisement
- 1896 Courts finally overturned Separate but Equal Doctrine
- Education spending in South unequal
- High murder rates by white mobs
New Deal
- Progress
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- Better living standards
Great Migration
- Search for better living standards
- Looking for better work
- Massive movement
Civil Rights Movements
- Civil Rights Act
- Voting Rights Act
- Improvements
Work Disparities
- Lack of Economic Mobility
- High African American Imprisonment
Hispanic and Asian Americans
- Typically Asian men earn more
- Latinos have negative stereotypes
- Not treated equally
Gender Convergence
- Low STEM majors for women
- Cultural standards set on men
- Poor workplace environment