Many people are asking how to grow groundnuts well. This article will answer questions about peanut cultivation in detail. In Indonesia, peanuts are the type of plant that is widely grown after rice, corn, and soybeans. Peanuts or in Latin latin Arachis hypogaea is usually only used as intercrop or intercropping plants.
Peanut cultivation is ideally done in areas that are at an altitude of 50-500 meters above sea level. But this plant can also adapt in areas with a height of 1500 above sea level. To get the best results you should plant peanuts in the dearah that gets full sun. Because in pekembangan leaf and peanut fruit require sun supply to the maximum.
In addition, climate and weather should also be considered. Peanut is very suitable to be grown in areas that have a moderate intensity. If the intensity of rain is too high it will make the flowers difficult to pollinate and the burning will be too lebab. This will lead to the emergence of fungi and diseases that attack plants.
How to Plant Organic Peanuts
How to Plant Peanuts
Peanut cultivation is effectively done on loose soil that has nutrient content such as Potassium, Pospat, and enough Nitrogen. The level of good soil acidity to plant peanuts is about 5-6.3 pH. The condition of loose soil will make the nuts grow and grow elongated into the soil.
So that peanuts can produce fruit with a maximum, Ca supply required element to help produce peanut productivity in the fruit. The requirement of Ca element in oganic agriculture is fulfilled by giving chalk or dolomite which is mixed to planting medium.
On land with higher soil acidity, more lime and dolomite are required. Similarly, the need for lime in wetlands is more than dry land.
Although peanuts have a root nodule where the Rhizobium bacteria develop, these plants also require many N elements especially when early planting. Furthermore, Rhizobium bacteria will meproduksi itself N elements so that it can meet the needs of plants to this substance up to 85%.
How To Choose Peanut Seeds
Peanut seeds can be obtained from old beans, about 100 days old. One of the characteristics of peanuts that can be used as a seed that is already blackish color and when it opened the contents have no hymen.
After the beans are harvested, they should be sorted for seeds. After the seeds get peanut dried for 3-5 days. To maintain the quality of the seeds should be stored for 3-6 months. Do not open the shell during the storage process, the shell is only opened when the seeds will be planted.
Cultivate Soil and Plant Peanuts Organically
Land for Planting Peanuts, In order for the cultivation of peanuts can be maximum land used for planting should be ejected first. Splashing can be done by hoeing or plowing until the soil grain becomes smoother. Then sprinkle lime or dolomite as much as 2 tons per hectare then mix with the land evenly. Leave the land for 2 days before going to the next step.
For the initial fertilization can use manure or compost that has been cooked. If available you can use manure from cow dung, goats, and chicken manure. Can use one type of fertilizer or mixture of all three. Mix fertilizer with soil evenly.
Peanut cultivation can be done with a bed or without beds. The use of beds should be done when the condition of prone land inundated. Good drainage conditions will make the plants can develop optimally.
Peanut growers can be done by way of arrears by using spacing 25 x 25 cm. For one hectare of land it takes about 50 kg of seeds with the assumption that every soil hole is filled with 1 peanut seed. After the seed is planted should be watered every morning and afternoon. Peanuts will begin to grow after 4-7 days after planting.
Peanut Nursing and Fertilization
How to plant a good peanut should be followed by good care so that the peanut cultivation can be optimal. Peanuts will begin to grow simultaneously after 7 days after planting and will flower when aged 20 days and continue until age 75 days.
Usually only flowering plants older than 30 days will become pods. After the process of pollination, will grow ginifor fruit or even appear on the day to the 3rd to 4th. Then the ginofor will penetrate the ground and turn into a pea pod.
Treatment is done when peanuts start flowering ie additional fertilizer. Choose a fertilizer that contains many substances phosphorus. In addition to the nuts to produce quality seeds do weeding and ground affixing.
Plant pests that attack peanuts are usually uret (root eaters), caterpillar leaf, caterpillar grayak, and caterpillar span. In addition there are also many diseases that are found wilt disease, broom demons, leaf spot, gapong, sclerotium, and rust disease.
To control the pests can be done precautions such as land well, the use of manure that has been cooked. In addition we also do intensive weeding, clean weeds, planting simultaneously, crop rotation. Unplug the affected plant and destroy it. In addition to the above things forget to keep sanitation for plants resistant to disease.
Harvest Peanut Cultivation
Peanuts can begin to be harvested when 90 days after planting. Characteristics of plants that are ready to be harvested the stems begin to harden, the leaves begin to turn yellow and fall. In addition you can also check it manually that is by taking the beans at random. See the contents section is fully loaded or not.
That's the practical guide how to grow peanuts in a simple way. May be useful.