Cut Nyak Dhien is a woman Indonesian National Hero from Aceh who fought against Dutch colonialism during the Aceh War.
Biodata
Full Name: Cut Nyak Dhien
Place of Birth: Lampadang, Sultanate of Aceh
Year of Birth: 1848
Died: 6 November 1908. Sumedang, Netherlands Indies
Islam
Life
Cut Nyak Dhien was born in 1848 in Aceh Besar in the territory of VI Mukimm, he was born to a noble family. His father was named Teuku Nanta Seutia, an uleebalang, who also had offspring from Datuk Makhudum Sati.
Datuk Makhudum Sati came to Aceh in the 18th century when the sultanate of Aceh was ruled by Sultan Jamalul Badrul Munir. Therefore, the father of Cut Nyak Dhien is a descendant of Minangkabau. Mrs. Cut Nyak Dhien is the daughter of uleebalang Lampagar.
In his childhood Cut Nyak Dhien, he received a religious education (which was educated by parents or religious teachers) and households (cooking, serving husbands, and concerning daily life educated by both parents). Many men love Cut Nyak Dhien and try to propose to her. At the age of 12, he was married by his parents in 1862 with Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga, son of uleebalang Lamnga XIII. However in 1878 Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga the husband of Cut Nyak Dhien was killed for falling in the war against the Dutch in Gle Tarum on 29 June 1878.
The death of Ibrahim Lamnga made deep sorrow for Cut Nyak Dhien. Shortly after the death of Ibrahim Lamnga, Cut Nyak Dhien was edged by Teuku Umar in 1880.
Teuku Umar is one of the figures against the Dutch. At first Cut Nyak Dhien refused, but because Teuku Umar allowed him to participate in the battlefield, Cut Nyak Dhien agreed to marry him in 1880. They were blessed with a boy named Cut Gambang. After his marriage to Teuku Umar, he and Teuku Umar fought together against the Dutch.
Aceh War
The war continued guerrilla warfare and waged fi'sabilillah. Around 1875, Teuku Umar made a move by approaching the Netherlands and his relationship with the Dutch became stronger. On September 30, 1893, Teuku Umar and his army of 250 people went to Kutaraja and "surrendered" to the Dutch. The Dutch were very happy because dangerous enemies were willing to help them, so they gave Teuku Umar the title of Teuku Umar Johan Hero and made him the commander of the Dutch forces unit with full power. Teuku Umar concealed a plan to deceive the Dutch, even though he was accused of being a traitor by the Acehnese. In fact, Cut Nyak Meutia came to see Cut Nyak Dhien and scolded him.
Cut Nyak Dien tried to advise him to return against the Dutch. However, Teuku Umar is still in contact with the Dutch. Umar then tried to learn Dutch tactics, while slowly replacing as many Dutch people as possible in the unit he controlled. When the number of Acehnese in the army was enough, Teuku Umar did a false plan on the Dutchman and claimed that he wanted to attack the Aceh base.
Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dhien left with all the troops and heavy equipment, weapons, and Dutch ammunition, never to return. This betrayal is called Het verraad van Teukoe Oemar (betrayal of Teuku Umar).
Teuku Umar who betrayed the Dutch caused the Dutch angry and launched a massive operation to capture Teuku Umar and Chut Nyak Dhien. However, the guerrillas are now equipped with equipment from the Netherlands. They start attacking the Dutch and the enemy forces are in chaos while Jend. Van Swieten replaced. His successor, Gen. Jakobus Ludovicius Hubertus Pel, was quickly killed and the Dutch troops were in chaos. The Netherlands then revoked the title of Teuku Umar and set fire to his house, and also pursued its existence.
Teuku umar and Chut Nyak Dhien continued to pressure the Dutch, then attacked Banda Aceh (Kutaraja) and Meulaboh (the former base of Teuku Umar), so the Dutch kept changing the generals on duty. Unit "Maréchaussée" then sent to Aceh. They are considered barbaric and very difficult to conquer by the Acehnese. In addition, most of the "De Marsose" troops were Chinese-Ambonese who destroyed everything in their path. As a result of this, the Dutch troops felt sympathy for the Acehnese and Van der Heyden dissolved the unit "De Marsose". This event also led to subsequent generals' success as many people who did not participate in jihad lost their lives, and fears still existed in the people of Aceh.
General Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz exploited this fear and began hiring Acehnese to spy on the rebel forces of Teuku Umar as informers so the Dutch found Teuku Umar's plan to attack Meulaboh on 11 February 1899. Finally, Teuku Umar was killed by bullets.
After Teuku Umar's death, Cut Nyak Dien led the resistance against the Dutch in the hinterland of Meulaboh with his small army and tried to forget her husband. These troops continued to fight until its destruction in 1901 because the Dutch army was accustomed to fighting in the terrain of Aceh. In addition, Cut Nyak Dien is getting older.