Muhammad al-Fatih is one of the most famous kings or sultans of the Ottoman Empire. He was the seventh sultan in the history of the Bani Utsmaniah. Al-Fatih is a title that is always attached to because he is the great or conquer the East Roman Empire that has been powered for 11 centuries.
Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih for 30 years. In addition to conquering Binzantium, he also succeeded in conquering the regions of Asia, uniting the Anatolian kingdoms and European regions, and including his most important service was successfully adapting the ruling Byzantine empire into the Ottoman Empire.
Lead Character Embedded By Small
Muhammad al-Fatih on 27 Rajab 835 H / 30 March 1432 AD in Erdine City, the capital of the Ottoman Empire at that time. He was the son of Sultan Murad II who was the sixth king of the Ottoman Empire.
Sultan Murad II has great attention to his son's education. He forged the fruit to become a good and strong leader. Attention is seen from a small Muhammad who has completed memorization of the 30 juz Qur'an, hadiths, understanding of jurisprudence, learning mathematics, astronomy, and war strategy. In addition, Muhammad also spoke many languages, such as: Arabic, Persian, Latin, and Greek. No wonder, at the age of 21 Muhammad was very fluent in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, amazing!
Usually new life corn, the father, Sultan Murad II, mengalamati Sultan Muhammad who is prestigious with the scholars. It is done the father in order to get well soon he has a big responsibility in the future. The guidance of the scholars is expected to be the compass that directs the thought to be in line with the correct understanding of Islam.
Becoming the Ottoman Empire
Sultan Muhammad II was appointed the Caliph of Uthmaniyah on 5 Muharram 855 H with 7 February 1451 AD The great program which he could instantly be armed as a caliph was conquering Constantinople.
The first step that Sultan Muhammad did to realize his ideals was to conduct a strategic military and foreign policy policy. It is full of agreements and agreements that have been established with neighboring countries and its military allies. Rearrangement in accordance with the provisions.
Conquering Byzantine
Sultan Muhammad II also prepared more than 4 million soldiers who will besiege Constantinople from the land. At the time of besieging the Byzantine stronghold many Ottoman troops were killed because of the strong defense of the fortress. The siege of no less than 50 days, really true of the Ottoman army, drained their energy, mind, and supplies.
The tough defense of this great empire. Before the enemy reached their fortress, the Byzantines had lined their seas with chains stretching on the Golden Horn peninsula. It is impossible to access Byzantine fortifications except in the presence of such chains.
Finally Sultan Muhammad found an idea that he considered the only way to get past the fence. This idea is similar to that of the Kiev princes who attacked Byzantine in the 10th century, the princes of Kiev withdraw their vessels out of the Bosporus Strait, hold Galata, and re-launch in the Golden Horn, will their troops still be defeated by the Byzantine Romans. Sultan Muhammad in a more clever way again, he took 70 ships Galata secret to the estuary after oiling the logs. It was done in a very short time, not until one night.
In the morning, the Byzantines were astonished, they did not mind Sultan Muhammad and his troops ship them by land. 70 ships were crossed by land that was still overgrown with big trees, cutting down the trees and vessels in one night was an impossibility they thought would be easier.
The Golden Horn or Golden Horn, in Istanbul, Turkey.
Terrible warfare was happening, the untouchable fortress as a symbol of Byzantine power was finally attacked by people who were not afraid to die. Eventually the great empire of the 11th century fell into the hands of the Muslims. The big battles turned out to be 265,000 Muslim troops killed. On 20 Jumadil Early 857 Hadu with May 29, 1453 AD, Sultan al-Ghazi Muhammad succeeded in entering the City of Constantinople. From then on he was known as Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih, conqueror of Constantinople.
When entering Constantinople, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih descended from his horse and bowed down as a sign of gratitude to God. After that, he headed for the Hagia Sophia Church and ordered to make a mosque. Constantinople was made the capital, the central government of the Ottoman Empire and the city was renamed to Islambul which means the Islamic state, eventually changed into Istanbul.
In addition, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih also ordered to build a mosque in the tomb of a noble friend Abu Ayyub al-Ansari radhiallahu 'anhu, one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam who died while attacking Constantinople in the time of Caliph Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan radhiallahu 'anhu.
What is done by Sultan Muhammad of course contrary to the Shari'a, greeting the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
ألا وإن من كان قبلكم كانوا يتخذون قبور أنبيائهم وصالحيهم مساجد, القبور مساجد, إني أنهاكم عن ذلك.
"... Know that whether the people before you have made the graves of their Prophets a place of worship, do not make graves as places of worship, for I am absolutely forbidden to do them." (HR HR, Muslim no.532)
Error committed by Sultan Muhammad not necessarily we deny his services are very large. May Allah forgive his iniquity and iniquity now rahimahullah.
After that the strategic conquest of the conquest was carried out by Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih; He brought his army to bend the Balkans, Greece, Romania, Albania, Asia Minor, etc. In fact he has devised a strategy to conquer the Roman empire in Italy, but has managed to prevent him from realizing it.
Civilizations Built In Its Time
Besides being known as a war general and managed by Ottoman over other sultans, Muhammad al-Fatih is also known as a poet. He has a diwan, a collection of poems that he made himself.
Sultan Muhammad also built more than 300 mosques, 57 schools, and 59 baths in various Ottoman regions. His most famous legacy is the Mosque of Sultan Muhammad II and Jami 'Abu Ayyub al-Ansari
The Death of the Conqueror
In Rabiul Beginning in 886 AH / 1481 AD Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih left Istanbul for jihad, while he was in an unhealthy condition. In the middle of the journey of pain he suffered more severe and feel. The doctor also did the results to treat it, but doctors and drugs no longer useful to the Sultan, he also died in the midst of his troops on Thursday, the 4th Rabiul Awal 886 H / 3 May 1481 AD At that time Sultan Muhammad was 52 years and for 31 year. Some say the death of Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih for being poisoned by his personal physician Ya'qub Basya, Allahu a'lam.
There is no information that can be used as a seat where Sultan Muhammad II want to bring his troops. There are those who want to go to Italy to conquer Rome there are also those who say towards France or Spain.
Prior to his death, Muhammad al-Fatih declared his son and successor, Sultan Bayazid II to always be close to the clergy, not to be deceived by treasure, and to maintain good religion for the person, the society and the kingdom.
May Allah repay your merits, O Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih. All of me on this post may be useful for all steemians.