Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bengali: শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান); Bengali pronunciation: [Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]; (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), shortened as Sheikh Mujib or just Mujib, was a Bengali politician and statesman. He is the founding father of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. He served as the first President of Bangladesh and later Prime Minister of Bangladesh from March 1971 until his assassination in August 1975. He is considered to be the driving force behind the independence of Bangladesh. He is popularly known under the title of Bangabandhu(Bôngobondhu "Friend of Bengal"). He became a leading figure in and eventually the leader of the Awami League, founded in 1949 as an East Pakistan-based political party in Pakistan. Mujib is credited as an important figure in efforts to gain politician autonomy for East Pakistan and later as the central figure behind the Bangladesh Liberation Movement and the Bangladesh Liberation Warin 1971. Thus, he is regarded Jatir Janak(Jatir Jônok "Father of the Nation") of Bangladesh. His daughter Sheikh Hasina is the current leader of the Awami League and the present Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
Bangabandhu
বঙ্গবন্ধু
Jatir Janak
জাতির জনক
Sheikh Mujibur Rahmanশেখ মুজিবুর রহমান1st and 4th President of BangladeshIn office
11 April 1971 – 12 January 1972Prime MinisterTajuddin AhmadVice PresidentNazrul IslamPreceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byNazrul Islam (Acting)In office
25 January 1975 – 15 August 1975Prime MinisterMuhammad Mansur AliPreceded byMohammad MohammadullahSucceeded byKhondaker Mostaq Ahmad2nd Prime Minister of BangladeshIn office
12 January 1972 – 24 January 1975PresidentAbu Sayeed Chowdhury
Mohammad MohammadullahPreceded byTajuddin AhmadSucceeded byMuhammad Mansur AliPersonal detailsBorn17 March 1920
Tungipara, Bengal Presidency, British India
(now in Bangladesh)Died15 August 1975(aged 55)
Dhaka, BangladeshCause of deathAssassinationNationalityBangladeshiPolitical partyBangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League(1975)Other political
affiliationsAll-India Muslim League (Before 1949)
Awami League(1949–1975)Spouse(s)Sheikh Fazilatunnesa MujibRelationsSheikh–Wazed familyChildren
Hasina Rehana Kamal Jamal Rasel
Alma materIslamia College
University of DhakaSignature
An advocate of socialism, Mujib rose to the ranks of the Awami League and East Pakistani politics as a charismatic and forceful orator. He became popular for his opposition to the ethnic and institutional discrimination of Bengalis in Pakistan, who comprised the majority of the state's population. At the heightening of sectional tensions, he outlined a 6-point autonomy planand was jailed by the regime of Field Marshal Ayub Khan for treason. Mujib led the Awami League to win the first democratic election of Pakistan in 1970. Despite gaining a majority, the League was not invited by the ruling military junta to form a government. As civil disobedience erupted across East Pakistan, Mujib indirectly announced independence of Bangladesh during a landmark speech on 7 March 1971. On 26 March 1971, the Pakistan Army responded to the mass protests with Operation Searchlight, in which Prime Minister-elect Mujib was arrested and flown to solitary confinement in West Pakistan, while Bengali civilians, students, intellectuals, politicians and military defectors were murdered as part of the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. Despite Mujib's absence, Bengalis from all walks of life joined the Mukti Bahiniand fought and won against Pakistan Armed Forces in Bangladesh Liberation War. After Bangladesh's independence, Mujib was released from Pakistani custody due to international pressure and returned to Dhaka in January 1972 after a short visit to Britain and India.
Sheikh Mujib became the Prime Minister of Bangladesh under a parliamentary system adopted by the new country. His government enacted a constitution proclaiming socialism and secular democracy. The Awami League won a huge mandate in the country's first general election in 1973. However, Mujib faced challenges of rampant unemployment, poverty, and corruption. A famine took place in 1974. The government was criticized for denying constitutional recognition to indigenous minorities and human rights violations by its security forces, notably the National Defence Force para militia. Amid rising political agitation, Mujib initiated one party socialist rule in January 1975. Six months later, he and most of his family were assassinated by renegade army officers during a coup. A martial law government was subsequently established.
In a 2004 BBC poll, Mujib was voted the Greatest Bengali of all time.