Really nicely explained.
Though I think content should be split into multiple topics. Dao hacks, Ethereum, dApps, ICO all deserve their own post.
Also, I am not sure about
'Applications that run smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain are called "dApps," or decentralized apps'
I am not sure they need to be on Ethereum blockchain to be called dApps.
RE: I wrote this to explain Ethereum in depth to newbies. Please check for accuracy!