Before we start let's make one thing clear, all absolutely all hackers are good, there is no bad hacker, although the habit of saying "good hackers and bad hackers" is already large then you have opted to look for other alternatives to the meaning ( make it easier for society to understand) and today will try to teach you its meaning and how to differentiate them.
Broadly and as simple as possible we will divide Hackers into three types.
1.- White Hat Hackers.
2.- Hackers with gray hat.
3.- Hackers with black hat.
If I already know, I said that there were only good and not bad hackers, but I explained it this way to make it easier ...
But come on Who has not heard the word "hacker"? That word that makes us imagine a bad person who uses their computer knowledge to harm computers, because dear friend or friend I have news of those not are hackers, and truthfully do not blame people who have a bad concept of hackers right now if you look at google the meaning of hacker appears as computer delinquent. But let's talk about what hackers really are.
In very general terms hackers are people with high knowledge in computer science and who use their knowledge to create new things in the technological field, such as solving problems or failures that have been found to improve the technological environment and everything that is linked to the (almost everything we currently know) or improve something with the purpose of facilitating, securing, renewing, among other things.
Also called or known as hackers to people who invent things (inventors), Why ?, Why the main mission of a hacker is that, is to create something out of nothing, discover something new, something new and that is for well of society not for bad as the media tell you ...
Focusing again on the Computer science I will proceed to explain to you the "3 types of hackers" that exist.
WHITE HAT HACKERS OR ETHICAL HACKERS.
Usually hackers work for a company dedicated to computer security, doing the different tasks that a hacker plays (doing security tests, programming, patching and finding vulnerabilities in web pages, systems, communications, creating new software among many other things) have a fixed salary and are the ones that mostly watch over you and my Internet security.
GRAY HAT HACKERS
These are the Hackers who do bad things to achieve other good (in essence), without prior permission can perform intrusion test to a company, (find high risk vulnerabilities for a company) which is a crime and once found the failures come as the heroes and offer to repair those flaws (Ha, how convenient do not you think?).
BLACK HAT HACKERS
These are the bad guys in the computer, they are the ones who steal your profile account from your social network, those who infect your PC and spy on your webcam, steal your compromising photos and extort money, steal bank accounts and empty them good I think you understood me.
But good now that you know how to distinguish between "types of hackers" will tell you about the different sectors in which they develop.
HACKERS
As I have already told you are the people (the good guys and good girls) who love computer systems and love to get into them looking for security flaws and then seek the solution to such failures, hackers love to know more and more about a system. The true hacker is not the one who does evil and destroys but the one who follows the codes of ethics and strives to make the computer world a better place.
Chema Alonso (Spanish Hacker)
PHREAKS
Also known as Phreakers in the computer world, these are the people who work in everything that concerns telephone networks, they love to know and learn absolutely everything they can about telephony, many work in groups although there are also solitary wolves.
CRACKERS
Crackers are the ones that are mainly dedicated to breaking passwords of websites, programs that are of payment, those that create the famous "cracks" for the programs and thus to have them full and without restrictions, well a cracker mainly acts to do damage to systems or whatever it may have been intended for.
CARDERS
The famous cardholders in the virtual world, mostly criminals, are responsible for stealing and using credit card numbers, bank accounts, checks to pay for things without using their money, how do they achieve this? through social engineering, very carefully guarding the victim and knowing when to attack, there are other ways such as the famous "bin's" (a series of numbers that consists of the first 4 digits in a normal credit card), but not I'm going to focus on that, I think you've already made it clear what a Carder is…
WAREZ
These are the subjects that distribute software illegally, they upload the programs to Warez pages open for anyone to download them, along with these programs raise the also famous "keygen" which is a program generator of keys and serials for programs and also include "cracks" both programs are created by the crackers, you could say that Warez and Crackers work together although not always so.
LAMMER
This group is made up of people who wish to be a Hacker but their insufficient training and limited knowledge prevents them from advancing in rank, mostly engaged in collecting information and programs from the network that they use without really understanding how they work, boast of being something that they are not.
SCRIPT KIDDIE
Very similar to Lammer, try to become a real Hacker looking for all kinds of information on the network, copying and pasting program scripts as it is not able to develop its own exploits, try with an enthusiastic animé to gain the respect of the community, in turn also makes use of programs that are encountered and tries to understand them.
NEWBIE
These are the nobs of the network, are those that when browsing are by chance some page of hacking and begin to explore it or hear about hacking and begin to take an interest in the subject which leads them to investigate a more...
And well these are the most popular, if you think I miss mentioning some you can write in the comments and I would greatly appreciate your suggestions.
If I know, I explain in a somewhat tangled way but I was confident that you could understand and grasp the main idea ...
Well I say goodbye and hope to have you back in future posts .... I send you a big hug and a greeting from a distance ... See you.