Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a disorder characterized by the perception of loud noises (e.g. a bomb explosion, gunshot or cymbal crash) when going to sleep or awakening.
Contrary to the name, ENS is not associated with pain. However the noise attacks can elicit a great deal of fear, confusion and distress in sufferers. Reports of tachycardia and palpitations are also common.
Despite the distressing nature of EHS, relatively little is known about the prevalence and underlying cause of the condition.Some scientists have estimated that EHS may affect 10% of the population. Females tend to be more at risk than males and the average age of onset is 50 years old.
There are various theories as to what might cause EHS. For instance, some scientists have speculated that EHS may be associated with minor temporal lobe seizures.
Another theory is that EHS is caused by sudden shifts of middle ear components. Other possible causes include stress/anxiety, impairments in calcium signalling and brainstem neuronal dysfunction.
Because of the benign nature of EHS, many individuals do not require medical treatment.
However if an individual is suffering from disturbed sleep or considerable distress as a consequence of EHS, then treatment may be necessary.
Tricyclic antidepressants have been proven useful in some individuals.Calcium channel blockers may also be beneficial. Non-pharmacological strategies such as relaxation, improved sleep hygiene and counselling may also help to alleviate symptoms.
Source: www.sleepassociation.org