Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a syndrome that affect the ovaries and ovulation characterized by cyst in the ovaries,high levels of male hormones and irregular periods.
The egged never mature enough to trigger ovulation. Oestrogen and progesterone levels are lower than usual while androgen levels are higher than usual.
Causes
Hereditary - PCOS runs in families
Excess androgen
Excess insulin and insulin resistance - Resistance to the action of insulin causes more increase in insulin production. Hence excess insulin production will therefore increase androgen production which inhibits ovulation. Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance.
Symptoms
Irregular periods
Heavy bleeding
Facial Hair growth
Acne
Weight gain
Male pattern baldness
Darkening of the skin
Treatment
Lifestyle modification- Weight loss improve cholesterol, lowers insulin and reduces heart disease and diabetes risk.
Taking meals with low glycemic index to loose weight
Exercise should be combined with healthy diets. Diets plus exercise helps you loose more weight than either intervention alone and hence lowers the risk for diabetes and heart disease.
Birth control pills and patches helps restore normal hormonal balance, regulate ovulation and relieve symptoms like excess hair growth.
Metformin improves insulin levels and lowers blood sugar. If you have prediabetes, metformin can also slow the progression to type 2 diabetes and help with weight loss.
Clomiphene - This oral anti-estrogen medication is taken during the first part of your menstrual cycle.