Piper methysticum
Piper methysticum -
A traditional medicinal plant native to the South Pacific Islands
Kava or kava-kava is a small shrub grown in Pacific islands,
mainly Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, and Hawaii.
Islanders have used the kava plants
for centuries in social rituals, religious ceremonies
and for medicinal purposes.
For centuries, the root of kava (Piper methysticum)
has been used as a folk medicine
by South Pacific Islanders
to enhance relaxation and mood,
and to promote restful sleep.
Piper methysticum is nowadays widely spread used
as an anxiety-reliever and as a sedative.
More recently, research has confirmed the benefits,
safety and efficacy of Piper methysticum (Kava kava).
Caution:
According to the WHO report,
rare cases of liver toxicity (from 1990s - 2002)
have been reported.
The WHO report states as follows:
"Evidence from our review of case reports
suggests that kava lactones in any type of product
may rarely cause hepatic adverse reactions
because of kava-drug interactions,
excessive alcohol intake,
metabolic or immune mediated idiosyncrasy,
excessive dose or pre-existing liver disease (...)
It has also been claimed
that the majority of case reports
were probably not related to kava
and that the benefit-risk ratio for kava is positive
when compared with other available treatments
for anxiety disorders. (...)
From the cases where a causal relationship seemed probable,
an incidence rate of less than 0.02 cases per one million daily doses
is calculated, corresponding to
less than one case in 50 million days of application.
This incidence calculation
is far below the liver risk for diazepam
with one case on 472,000 days of application. (...)
The true incidence of adverse events related to kava
is not known, but it appears to be quite low. (...)
Based on empirical data (...) it can be stated that
severe liver damage caused by Kava-Kava
occurs only very rarely."
(World Health Organization, 2007)
The full WHO report on liver toxicity cases
is available at the following website:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43630/1/9789241595261_eng.pdf
The benefits of Piper methysticum
Piper methysticum is widely spread used
as an anxiety-reliever and as a sedative.
Piper methysticum has healing effects
on the following complaints:
- anxiety disorders & generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- anxiety accompanied by depression
- stress & insomnia
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- epilepsy & convulsions
Piper methysticum - Pharmacological studies
anxiety disorders & generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12369257
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19430766
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065962
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1930344
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10653213
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23635869anxiety accompanied by depression
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19430766stress & insomnia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12404572
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536390attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21827936epilepsy & convulsions
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123213001112
Kava kava (Piper methysticum) - products
webber naturals - Kava kava (phytotherapeutic remedy)
http://www.webbernaturals.com/product/kava-kava/
Similasan - Kava kava (homeopathic remedy)
http://www.similasan.ch/de/heilmittel/produkteliste.html?preselect=/de/heilmittel/produkteliste/k/kava_kava#tab_k
https://www.xtrapharm.ch/similasan-kava-kava.html
Gaia herbs - Kava kava root (phytotherapeutic remedy)
http://www.gaiaherbs.com/products/detail/269/Kava-Kava-Root
sources
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43630/1/9789241595261_eng.pdf
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-872-KAVA.aspx?activeIngredientId=872&activeIngredientName=KAVA&source=0
http://doctorschar.com/kava-piper-methysticum-2/
http://extrahappiness.com/happiness/?p=3458
http://www.cochrane.org/CD003383/DEPRESSN_kava-extract-for-treating-anxiety
https://kavakava.wordpress.com/
file:///C:/Users/rguid/AppData/Local/Packages/Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe/TempState/Downloads/t200102090.pdf
https://ch.iherb.com/pr/Gaia-Herbs-Kava-Kava-Root-60-Vegetarian-Liquid-Phyto-Caps/10144
http://kavakava-info.com/de/
https://www.biovea.com/ch/de/product_detail.aspx?PID=21520&OS=244
https://www.vitabasix.com/depression-stimmung/kava-kava.html
https://www.eurovital.com/de/product_detail.aspx?NAME=KAVA-KAVA-500mg-60-Kapseln-EV&PID=21520
https://www.extrakte.ch/kava-kava/#cc-m-product-8009683320
https://www.konakavafarm.com/piper_methysticum.html
https://www.konakavafarm.com/kava-capsules.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12369257
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398072
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19430766
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20814850
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26527536
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23635869
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065962
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535473
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10653213
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048557
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711316302045
http://unifra.br/pos/aafarm/downloads/drug%20interactions%20with%20kava.pdf
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf800439g
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-009-1549-9
https://www.naturessunshine.com/us/product/kava-kava-concentrate-60-caps/405/
http://www.realkava.com/Kava-Root-Powder_c_9.html
https://nootriment.com/piper-methysticum/
https://thenaturopathicherbalist.com/herbs/p-q/piper-methysticum-kava-kava/
http://www.medicinehunter.com/kava
http://www.medicinehunter.com/kava-anti-anxiety-herb-making-comeback/
https://www.herbwisdom.com/herb-kava-kava.html
https://examine.com/supplements/kava/
http://altmedrev.com/publications/3/6/458.pdf
http://www.encognitive.com/node/14997
http://entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=101
http://kelseytutino.yolasite.com/resources/kavaprt1.pdf
file:///C:/Users/rguid/AppData/Local/Packages/Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe/TempState/Downloads/Physicians_Practice_-Kava_Piper_methysticum-_2014-07-29.pdf
http://www.treelite.com/articles/articles/kava-kava-%28piper-methysticum%29-6.html
http://www.kcweb.com/herb/kavakava.htm
https://kava.com/kava-kava-benefits-and-side-effects/
http://www.praxisvita.de/kava#
http://symptomat.de/Kava_Kava
https://bebrainfit.com/kava-for-anxiety/
https://www.planetherbs.com/specific-herbs/kava-powerful-anti-stress-herb.html
http://www.kavalibrary.com/Medicinal-Kava.html
https://kalmwithkava.com/kava/
http://adhdboss.com/kava-anxiety/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/kava-piper-methysticum-effective-safe-treatment-generalized-lake?articleId=7393486060970879389
https://www.konakavafarm.com/blog/kava-news/europe-lifts-kava-ban/
file:///C:/Users/rguid/AppData/Local/Packages/Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe/TempState/Downloads/schmidt.pdf