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DEFINITION
Bronchitis is inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tract due to infection. Bronchi are channels that let air enter into and out of the lungs. People with bronchitis often have to cough up mucus to thicken, which can change the color. There are two types of bronchitis: acute bronchitis is an infection of short term that causes the Airways in the lungs to swell and filled with mucus. Acute type often lasts for several weeks. Chronic bronchitis is a persistent irritant in the bronchial tract, often due to smoking. Chronic bronchitis can last for months or years. Chronic bronchitis is much more severe than acute bronchitis.
CAUSES OF BRONCHITIS
Causes of bronchitis are as follows:
1. Acute Bronchitis
The virus colds often cause acute bronchitis. But you can also experience the bronchitis non infection because of exposed cigarette smoke and other pollutants such as dust. Bronchitis can also occur when the stomach acids often rises into the esophageal, this condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). And workers exposed to dust or smoke can experience a bronchitis. Acute bronchitis generally disappear when it is no longer exposed to the irritant.
2. Chronic Bronchitis
Sometimes, inflammation and thickening of the bronchial wall pipes become permanent condition known as chronic bronchitis. You generally consider that you are experiencing chronic bronchitis if you're coughing every day missing after three months of the year in two consecutive years. Unlike acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis is ongoing and is a serious disease. Smoking is the cause of the most great, but air pollution and dust or toxic gases on the environment or workplace can also contribute to this disease.
FACTORS OF BRONCHITIS
There are 3 main factors that affect the onset of bronchitis, namely smoking, infections and pollution. In addition there is also a connection with heredity and social status.
1. Smoking
According to the book Report of the WHO Expert Comité on Smoking Control, smoking is the main cause of the onset of bronchitis. There are close links between smoking and decreased VEP (volume forced ekspirasi) 1 second. In pathological smoking associated with mucous glands, bronchial hyperplasia and metaplasia skuamus epithelium respiratory tract can also cause acute bronkostriksi.
2. Infection
Exacerbation of suspected pneumonia is most often starts with a virus infection which then causes secondary infections bacteria. The bacterium was isolated most frequently is Hemophilus influenza and streptococcus pneumonie
3. Pollution
Pollution is not so big its influence as a factor in the cause, but when added to smoke the risk would be higher. Substances – chemicals can also cause bronchitis are substances – reducing substances such as O2, substances – substances oxides such as N2O, ozone, hydrocarbons, the pillars.
4. The offspring
Not known clearly whether hereditary factors play a role or not, except in people with a deficiency of Alpha-1 antitrypsin – which is a problem, where it was revealed abnormalities are autosomal recessive. These enzymes work to neutralize proteolytic enzymes that are often issued in inflammation and damage to the network, includingthe network.
5. Socio-Economic Factors
Death on pneumonia turns out to be a lot more on the social economy is low, may be due to environmental factors and the economy are more ugly.
SYMTOMS OF BRONCHITIS
Bronchitis many construed by the public as a disease of acute shortness of breath especially for those who are active in smoking. Those suffering from bronchitis will generally show the common symptoms like:
– The cheeks look rosy.
– Headaches.
– Sight impaired.
– Breath heavy.
– Easily fatigued.
– Shortness of breath when doing sports or mild activity.
– Often suffer from respiratory infections (e.g. flu).
– Cough phlegm so (his phlegm can be a reddish-colored).
– The swelling in the ankles, feet, and limbs left and right.
– Face, Palm of the hand or reddish colored mucous membranes.
TREATMENT OF DISEASE BRONCHITIS
1. The action is supportive
2. Education for the patient and his family about:
a. avoiding smoking
b. Avoid other irritants that can be inhaled.
c. control the temperature and humidity of the environment.
d. good nutrition.
e. adekuat hydration.
3. Special Therapy (treatment):
a Bronchodilator.
b. Antimicrobial
c. Corticosteroids
d. Respiratory Therapy
e. aerosol Therapy
f. oxygen therapy
g. physical Adjustment
h. relaxation Exercises
Treatment chronic bronchitis can also be done on an ongoing basis to prevent the onset of complications, including:
• Education, i.e. give understanding to sufferers to recognize symptoms and precipitating factors of recurrence of chronic bronchitis.
• As far as possible avoid exposure factors precipitating.
• Medical rehabilitation to optimize respiratory function and prevent recurrence, such as with sports according to age and ability, a break in sufficient amount, eating nutritious foods.
• Oxygenation (oxygen therapy)
• Bronchodilator medications and mukolitik so that the phlegm is easily removed.
Antibiotic. Used while experiencing exacerbation of chronic bronchitis sufferers by germ infection (h. influenzae, s. pneumoniae, m. catarrhalis). The selection of the type of antibiotic (first choice, second and so on) performed by doctors based on the results of the inspection.
PREVENTING BRONCHITIS
Precautions to prevent bronchitis can be done easily and uncomplicated. Smokers and people with a weak immune system are more susceptible to it. Therefore, precautions must be taken to avoid both of these things.
• Get Vaccinated: get the vaccination virus infection is the best preventive action to prevent bronchitis. Minimize the risk of contracting the disease vaccination for the most part. Influenza Vaccine (flu) is an annual vaccine to protect against the influenza virus.
• Wear a Mask: wear a mask, preventing air pollution such as dust, pollen from entering the Airways. People who work in the industry of metal or stone quarry also has a high risk of contracting bronchitis, then, should wear masks. Second, physicians or volunteers should wear masks because they are constantly in touch with patients suffering from infectious diseases.
• Stay Away From Sufferers Of The Disease: viruses spread more quickly from one person to another. Therefore, you must limit anywhere near people suffering from viral infections such as colds and flu. To prevent this condition can also prevent its complications such as bronchitis.
• Stay Away From Sufferers Of The Disease: viruses spread more quickly from one person to another. Therefore, you must limit anywhere near people suffering from viral infections such as colds and flu. To prevent this condition can also prevent its complications such as bronchitis.
• Have a Balanced Diet: a balanced nutritious food and to have a healthy boost immunity. The immune system protects a person infected by the virus causes the disease. Therefore, it is likely less contracting the disease. You should include fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, etc in your daily diet to increase immunity.
• Do Not Smoke: smoking is one of the prominent causes of bronchitis. When a person smokes, he was inhaling tobacco smoke. The smoke that is inhaled to cause irritation to the Airways and produce mucus, which then developed bronchitis. Therefore, smoking should be stopped completely.
• Avoid Smokers: you may not be aware but passive smoking is as hazardous to health as smoking is active. Because of exposure to cigarette smoke (first or second hand) irritate the bronchial and cause bronchitis. Therefore, you should avoid are among smokers, or were in a region filled with cigarette smoke.
• Maintain Cleanliness: because of the bronchitis due to virus infection, you must follow certain steps to avoid infection. You must use handkerchiefs when sneezing or coughing, washing hands, and also use the cleanser. Second, you don't need to share your personal items and clothing of people suffering from the disease.
COMPLICATION OF BRONCHITIS
Complications of bronchitis is most common is pneumonia. One of twenty cases of bronchitis progressed to pneumonia. Pneumonia occurs when the infection spreads to the lung bronchitis, especially in elderly patients, have the habit of smoking, and there are other diseases, such as kidney pain, heart or liver, and someone with a weak immune system.
In addition to pneumonia, complications of bronchitis include:
• Chronic Bronchitis, acute bronchitis that come from that are not dealt with.
• Pleuritis and pleural effusion, which may occur simultaneously with the onset of pneumonia.
• on a healthy person are rare complications, but in children with nutrition or less men with decreased immune can occur otitis media or sinusitis.
• Pleuritis, which may occur simultaneously with the onset of pneumonia.
• susceptible to infection. On the complications of chronic bronchitis, respiratory system function has decreased so that the patient is susceptible to infection.
• When the phlegm remain, can occur atelektasis or bronkiektasis.
• Failing breath, complications of bronchitis last the most heavy and wide so that the required treatment of bronchitis.
Learn about the symptoms and causes of bronchitis bronchitis so that treatment can be more directional and precise as well as decrease the risk of complications are chronic bronchitis. Better be safe again is to do prevention of bronchitis that has been discussed above. quite a few from me, when there is a word in the writing I apologize. Don't forget keep me
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