Hi steemians...
The term joint refers to the meeting place of two or more bones. All the joints are not mobile and we speak of synarthrosis when the bones are welded there. Several elements are present in a joint; cartilage covering the mobile joints, ligaments connecting the bones to each other and synovium, a lubricating fluid that facilitates movement. The most known joints are mobile, such as those of the hip, knee, ankle to the lower limbs, the shoulder, elbow or wrist to the upper limbs, but also between each vertebra of the spine. They can be the place of chronic inflammations as in rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis, infections, case in which one speaks about arthritis, but also degeneration in connection with the aging of the cartilage: one speaks then of osteoarthritis. In case of total destruction of the joint, the only treatment is a prosthesis in order to preserve the patient's focal autonomy.
HISTORY
Replacing a worn, failing and painful joint with a joint prosthesis is a relatively new idea in the general history of surgery since this epic is not yet a century old.
It all started with the hip, which was the first prosthetic joint since the 1930s.
1st prothesis in 1938
Philip Wiles, in London, in 1938, is at the origin of the first complete metal-metal prosthesis in stainless steel with a cup screwed into the acetabulum, a femoral head fixed to a cervical nail attached to a plate bolted to the external face of the shaft. Six patients with Still's disease received this prosthesis and one of them had a good function 13 years after his operation.
Image source Wiles prothesis
Jean and Robert Judet in 1946 introduced a mold hemiprothesis utilizing acrylic that was thought to be biologicaly inert. They removed the femoral head and remplaced it with the synthetic acrylic. It was a true revolution in orthopedic surgery with the discovery of more and more efficient materials and fixers.
Image source Judet prothesis
Mc Kee in 1951 uses total prothesis, (The idea came to place a metal cup of, fixed in the acetabulum and to associate a prosthesis replacing the head of the femur, also made of metal) first stainless steel then chromium-cobalt alloy with twenty -six operated with a good result.
Mc Kee prothesis
Charnley 1962
The last step to obtain total hip prostheses with more than 90% of good results, is due to John Charnley with the introduction of the fixing of two pieces of the hip prosthesis by methyl methacrylate cement. This cement
first used by Haboush and Charnley to fix an isolated femoral prosthesis is employed in 1960 for a total prosthesis by Charnley ("a new operation"). We can say that the first total hip prosthesis that works regularly is that of Charnley (deceased in 1982) especially when in 1962 Charnley uses the couple femoral head of metal against prosthesis of acetabulum constituted by a polyethylene cup, with the metal head of 22 m for the lowest possible friction.
Image source Charnley prothesis
Some another proyhesis:
Image source Knee prothesis
Image source Shoulder prothesis
X fingers by Didrick Medical
Finally, it is necessary to note the need for early diagnosis of each joint disease to avoid complications and to reach the stage of the prothesis because, despite medical progress, the prothesis joint can never compensate for a natural joint
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