Previously before independence from the invaders, Indonesia was made up of kingdoms ranging from sabang to marauke. Of the many kingdoms of great empires such as Samudera Pasai in aceh, Majapahit Kingdom in east Java and other kingdoms. Yet many small kingdoms also store historical value that we ought to know. The kings in this kingdom always inherit the offspring by attaching to their names, but some do not use them. This time we take the example of the title of the kingdom attached to keturunanya like "Tengku".
Makeruh Village South Rupat (Grandpa's House).
A lot of people think that the prefix name "Tengku" is a person from Aceh Province, but if we look back on history in Sumatra especially not only aceh who has a history of this "Tengku" descent. In northern Sumatra (terrain) also has the offspring of "Tengku" originating from the Deli Serdang kingdom, as well as in Riau Province which is very much descended from "Tengku" originating from small kingdoms such as Siak Sri Indrapura Kingdom in Siak-Riau Regency.
Based on my experience as a descendant of "Tengku" from Riau, people in Java Island still tend to have the view that "Tengku" is only from Aceh only, seen from some friends in Jakarta who always thought I was an Acehnese. "Tengku" in Aceh has a slightly different history from Riau and North Sumatra. Some of the info I got from a friend who was an original aceh that in aceh there is a name "Teuku" and "Tengku", both names have different intentions when "Teuku" is a noble title but not binding (Like Tueku Umar ) and not signifies he descended from the Sultan. In the aceh principle formerly known as "Cap five is more important than cap nine" meaning power (cap five or hand) means more Cap Nine (SK Appointment) because the Sultan often does not designate who the ruler is somewhere while handing over to who is in charge de facto.
Then for "Teungku" in Aceh (pronounced "tengku"), it is used on someone who has a religious knowledge or a religious figure of both men and women. Teungku is a call or degree of expertise for a cleric or ustadz or a teacher of a Koran. Although in practice it is sometimes used for general calling for Acehnese men. Examples of Teungku Cik Di Tiro, Teungku Daud Beureueh and Teungku Fakinah (female clerics).
In North Sumatera it also has a "Tengku" originating from the Deli / Sultanate of Deli which is a Malay sultanate founded in 1632 by Tuanku Panglima Gocah Pahlawan in an area called Tanah Deli (now Medan City and Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia). Some of the references I get from some friends who have the title "Tengku" recognize that they are from descendants of the Deli sultanate. According to Hikayat Deli, a leading Acehnese leader Muhammad Dalik succeeded in becoming an admiral in the Aceh Sultanate. Muhammad Dalik, later known as Gocah Pahlawan and titled Admiral Khuja Bintan (also a source spelling Rear Admiral Bintan), is a descendant of Amir Muhammad Badar ud-din Khan, a nobleman from Delhi, India who married Princess Chandra Dewi, daughter Sultan Samudera Pasai. He trusted the Sultan of Aceh to become a representative of the former territory of the Haru Kingdom centered on the Lalang-Percut River area.
Dalik founded the Deli Sultanate which was still under the Sultanate of Aceh in 1632. After Dalik died in 1653, his son Tuanku Panglima Perunggit took power and in 1669 announced separating his kingdom from Aceh. Its capital is in Labuhan, about 20 km from Medan.
In Riau society better known and familiar with "Tengku" only, "Tengku" at the beginning of every Riau Melayu name is a status that signifies its position in indigenous society of Melayu. "Tengku" is a title of nobility or the sign of its bearer is a relative of the Malay royal lineage in Riau. Until now many descendants who inherit "Tengku" comes from work-kingdom in Riau as the first Siak Sri Indrapura kingdom is led by King Kecik or Sultan Abdul Jalil.
Some of the references in that the origin of this word "tengku" from the word "Tuanku" is a venerable call that is usually attached to a King / Sultan who leads the Kingdom in Indonesia especially in Riau. Over time the title of "Tuanku" to the king changed spelling and pronunciation but still has the same meaning and meaning. For in my own family "Tengku" comes from the parents of the man (father) who inherited from his grandfather named Tengku Said Abdurahman Al-Aydrus. When in my runut is a descendant to 4, my father to 3, parents of my father (grandfather) to 2 and my father's grandfather to 1. Actually he came from Hadramaut-Yemen, then when wander to malaka which was still in jajah (not identified at the time in jajah by potugis, dutch or portuguese) according to the source of my father, Tengku Said Abdurahman Al-Aydrus was able to help the Malacca king in the acquittal of malaka from the invaders ago he was originally named Said Abdurahman was given the title tengku by king malaka at that time (not yet identified in the time of the Malacca king).
Some of the references in the can, giving titles "Tengku" in his name is also to secure him from the invaders who target the immigrants from the Middle East who allegedly want to spread the religion of Islam. As we know during the colonial movement such as the spread of Islamic religion in the limit and even banned by the colonial period. Then after Malacca free from the invaders he wandered to Makeruh Village Rupat Island in Bengkalis-Riau Regency, where he married the indigenous women there. Then I have two sons of one of my grandfather named Tengku Said Muhammad, then he married and has 5 children one of whom is my father Tengku Said Abdurahman (his name is the same as his grandfather), then he married my mother Tengku Farida who is also a descendant tengku that can be from his father Tengku Eldest who is the son of King of the Kingdom of Kunto Darusalam in Riau (based on my mother's source).
Tengku Eldest
The story has this story of Tengku Eldest (father of my mother) as a child when his father became the 3rd King in the Kingdom of Kunto Darusalam named Tengku Ali Kasim / Kosam which is now known as Kota Lama Subdistrict, Old Town Village, Rokan Hulu-Riau, he is the first child of a king's queen so he was named the first tengku, at that time he was still 14 years old. One time after his father died he wanted to be appointed king because he is the Crown Prince who deserves to replace his parents, but his father (his father's siblings) did not agree. His uncles are in conflict and do not hesitate to kill each other to get the king's position, worried that there will be things that are not in want at Tengku Eldest is then in the run by the uncle (siblings of his mother) and his mother from the kingdom at dawn by boat through the Rokan River. Since the incident he left the kingdom until he died in Dumai-Riau he never again returned to the area of the Old City.
This old tengku first told my mother, when at noon he was guarded by 10 royal guards using spears walking to visit the house for the prisoners around the kingdom, there is a big house specifically for the prisoners (thieves, robbers and other criminals ). he saw the prisoners screaming in agony for being punished until they drew blood from his body.
He also said at the time of noon (day), he often saw many ladies (queen) around the King (his father) was massaging his father's body. when my little mother ever found the letters read there written the name "Tengku Sulung Putera Mahkota", then my mother asked his father (tengku eldest) who is this oldest man Tengku crown, then he just replied "Mmmh, do not read - read it again, that's the story of the old man "then he threw away and burned the letters. It seems that he does not want to admit that he is the crown prince of kunto darusalam.
In the perlakannya through the river rokan had stopped them on the edge of the river in the area of Rimba Melintang (currently also named Kelurahan Rimba Melintang Rokan Hilir District), then his uncle and mother first off the boat while he was told to stay in the boat first because they is looking at the location whether it is suitable and safe to live. Once in a sense the location is suitable and safe they finally go ashore, there are about 13 people who also participated in the escape tengku ukulu. from there they started cutting the woods in the forest to make shelters for shelter, they also prepared supplies while away with rice, sugar and other daily necessities. then after a few days there, suddenly people from other villages visited them because they saw activity from the huts they built there. Apparently the citizen knows that it is a crown prince of kunto darusalam kingdom.
At the time of the escape was this entourage tengku eldest enough to bring money the kingdom, capitalize the money that he used to shop daily needs and others to the area Bagan which then became the center of commerce there, then he brought his shopping back to the jungle cross then resell the daily necessities to the people of the nearest village in need. At that time people just need daily needs such as rice etc. as the time goes by the more rapid trade in this tengku eldest doing so that this transverse jungle area which originally only the forest that built the huts by rombonganya to become a new village again.
Then came the colonist of that time between the Dutch or Japanese (years unknown) then Tengku Eldest has become a successful merchant in the village of the jungle crossing it karean he first open up to become a village where people live. the villagers whose livelihoods sliced the sap in the forest ushered in and sold their resin on the first tengku which was then resold by tengku eldest to Bagan as if he became the main distributor of raw materials such as sap and other daily necessities there. The results of the resident's resident's sap with the daily necessities such as rice, onions, chillies etc. from the large store that has been made by the oldest tengku earlier. in the old days people in remote villages like that just need the needs of daily meals and clothing only. To make the houses of these citizens only take the wood from the forest just as well as the roof. then the oldest tengku sells outlets like hammers, saws and nails for the needs of building houses that want to settle in the jungle.
Usually the title of "Tengku" is attached to his child only if his father has the title "Tengku" as well, while if his father does not have "Tengku" but his mother has "Tengku" then the title "Tengku" "can not be carried by his son. For a case like my family that happens Both my parents inherited "Tengku" from their predecessor but only different from where the origin of the title was obtained, if my father got it from his grandfather who was given by the king malaka, different from my mother who in can from his father the king's son.
I wrote this article, Hopefully can add insight to the reader about the historical differences "Tengku" in Sumatra in particular. Thank you.