Teungku Hasan Muhammad di Tiro born in Tiro, Pidie, Aceh, 25 September 1925 - died in Banda Aceh, Aceh, June 3, 2010 at the age of 84 years. is a founding member of the Free Aceh Movement, a movement that seeks to fight for Aceh's independence from Indonesia. The movement officially reconciled through the Helsinki agreement in 2005 and disarmed them. Hasan is considered "Wali", as he is the third descendant of Tengku Chik Muhammad Saman in Tiro, the Indonesian national hero who fought against the Dutch in 1890.
Early Life.
Originally from a prominent family, from Tiro village in Pidie district, Tiro studied in Yogyakarta and against the Dutch during the Indonesian National Revolution. He then continued studying in the United States and worked part-time in the Indonesian Mission for the United Nations. While studying in New York in 1953, he declared himself a "foreign minister" to the Darul Islam rebel movement, which in Aceh was led by Daud Beureueh. Because of this action, he was deprived of Indonesian citizenship, causing him to be imprisoned in Ellis Island Prison as an illegal alien. The Darul Islam Rebellion in Aceh itself ended in a peace treaty in 1962. Under the peace agreement, Aceh was granted autonomous status. Establishing the Free Aceh Movement (GAM).
In Tiro re-emerged in Aceh in 1974, where he made a bid for a contract pipe at Mobil Oil's new gas plant to be built in the Lhokseumawe area. He was defeated by Bechtel, in a tender process in which Tiro thinks the central government has too much control over gas in Aceh. There is a claim that, as a result of the loss and death of his brother for what he regarded as a deliberate omission by a Javanese physician, Tiro began to organize a separatist movement using his old acquaintance in Darul Islam.
He declared his organization as the Aceh National Liberation Front of Sumatra, better known as the Free Aceh Movement on 4 December 1976. Among its goals was the full independence of Aceh from Indonesia. In Tiro chose independence as one of GAM's goals, not special regional autonomy, because it focuses on Aceh's history before the Dutch colonial period as an independent state. GAM is different from the Darul Islam rebellion which seeks to overthrow the secular Pancasila ideology and create an Islamic state of Indonesia based on sharia. In the "Declaration of Independence", he questioned Indonesia's right to stand as a state, since it originally was a multi-cultural country based on the Dutch colonial empire and made up of previous nations consisting of many ethnicities with little in common. Thus, Tiro believes that the people of Aceh must restore the pre-colonial state of Aceh as an independent state and must be separated from the Indonesian state.
Due to the recent focus on Aceh's history and different ethnic identities, some GAM activities involve attacks on transmigrants, especially those working with the Indonesian army, in an effort to restore Aceh land to the people of Aceh. Javanese ethnic migrants are among the most frequently targeted, as many of them are in close contact with the Indonesian army. GAM's military principle, however, involves guerrilla attacks against Indonesian soldiers and police.
In 1977, after leading a GAM attack in which one US engineer was killed and another American engineer and a South Korean engineer was wounded, Hasan was hunted by the Indonesian military. He was shot in the foot in a military ambush, and fled to Malaysia.
From 1980, Tiro lived in Stockholm, Sweden and had Swedish citizenship. During this period Zaini Abdullah, who became governor of Aceh in June 2012, is one of his closest Aceh counterparts in Sweden. Following the December 2004 tsunami, GAM and the Indonesian government agreed to sign a peace agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland in August 2005. Under the terms of the peace agreement, accepted by GAM's political leadership and endorsed by Tiro, Aceh gained greater autonomy status citizens by the Indonesian government. The next day, he died at a hospital in Banda Aceh.