One of the most debated interpretations of Book of Revelation chapter 20 is the idea that the “thousand years” have already passed and that we are currently living in the so-called “short season” after Satan’s release.
At first glance, this interpretation may seem plausible when focusing only on the themes of deception and global disorder.
However, when the chapter is read carefully as a structured sequence, an often-overlooked element introduces a serious tension:
the first resurrection
This study will examine the flow of Revelation 20, the meaning of the “first resurrection,” and why its placement in the text creates difficulty for the idea that we are already in the short season.
The Sequence in Revelation 20
Revelation 20 does not present isolated symbols. It presents a sequence of events:
1 Satan is bound for a thousand years (Revelation 20:1–3)
2 A group comes to life and reigns (20:4)
3 “The rest of the dead” do not live again until later (20:5)
4 This is called the first resurrection
5 After the thousand years, Satan is released (20:7)
6 The nations are deceived again (20:8)
7 Fire comes down from heaven (20:9)
8 Final judgment follows (20:11–15)
This order is critical.
The text does not present these as interchangeable ideas, but as a progression.
The First Resurrection in the Text
The key statement appears in Revelation 20:5:
“The rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.”
The Greek phrase used here is:
ἀνάστασις (anástasis) — resurrection, rising again
πρώτη (prōtē) — first, primary, preceding
This is not ambiguous language.
In the New Testament, anástasis consistently refers to resurrection from the dead, not merely moral renewal or abstract change.
Additionally, the text creates a clear contrast:
one group lives and reigns
another group, “the rest of the dead,” does not live until later
This contrast suggests that the “first resurrection” is not merely symbolic in the same way as general spiritual transformation.
What Kind of Resurrection?
Interpretations generally fall into two categories:
1 Literal / bodily resurrection
A real raising of the dead
Associated with reign and exemption from the “second death” (20:6)
2 Spiritual or heavenly state
Referring to souls in heaven
Or symbolic of spiritual life
However, the text itself emphasizes:
living again
reigning
distinction from “the rest of the dead”
This makes a purely symbolic reading more difficult, though not impossible.
The Problem for the “Short Season” View
If one claims:
the thousand years have already passed
Satan has already been released
we are currently in the short season
then the sequence requires that:
the first resurrection has already occurred
This creates several immediate questions:
Where is this event in history?
A resurrection of the righteous would be one of the most significant events in biblical expectation.
Who participated in it?
Revelation 20:4 refers to identifiable individuals, including those who remained faithful under persecution.
Where is the reign described?
The text connects resurrection with reigning, yet no clear historical period reflects such a condition.
Why is there no clear record?
If this event occurred, its absence from historical awareness becomes difficult to explain.
Comparison with the Hebrew Prophets
When compared with the Hebrew prophets, the tension increases.
Isaiah 2:4
Nations cease from war.
Isaiah 11:9
“The earth shall be full of the knowledge of יהוה.”
Micah 4:1–3
Nations come to Zion to learn Torah.
These descriptions portray:
global transformation
visible peace
centralized instruction
If the thousand years—and therefore the first resurrection—are already past, then these conditions would also need to be accounted for.
Additional Tension: Deception vs. No Deception
Revelation 20:3 states that Satan is bound:
“so that he should deceive the nations no more”
This is not partial restraint—it is described as a cessation of deception.
When combined with:
the first resurrection
the reign
prophetic descriptions of peace
the timeline becomes increasingly difficult to place entirely in the past.
A Textual Observation, Not a Forced Conclusion
At this point, several conclusions are often proposed:
The resurrection was symbolic
The reign is heavenly, not earthly
The sequence is not strictly chronological
These are interpretive possibilities.
However, the text itself presents:
a structured sequence
defined terms
clear contrasts
And when read carefully, these elements create tension with the idea that all of this has already been completed.
Final Consideration
The question is not whether alternative interpretations exist—they do.
The question is whether the text of Revelation 20 clearly supports the claim that:
we are currently living after the thousand years, in the short season
When the first resurrection is included in the analysis, that claim becomes significantly more difficult to sustain.
Conclusion
Revelation 20 presents:
a binding
a reign
a resurrection
a release
a deception
a final judgment
If we are already in the final stages of that sequence, then the earlier events—especially the first resurrection—must also be accounted for.
At minimum, this introduces a serious tension.
And that tension suggests that the timeline may not be as simple as it is often presented.
Discussion
How do you understand the “first resurrection” in Revelation 20?
Do you see it as:
literal
symbolic
already fulfilled
or still future?