The guava is a tropical crop that does not have a defined origin but is located in Mesoamerica which were spread by the Spanish taking it to tropical countries, due to this propagation is hence the great variability of this species in different parts of the world, hence the great acceptance of this crop in tropical areas specifically in South America as it is the area where there is a considerable production.
▶ The importance of this item in tropical countries such as Colombia is that guava adapts very well to the climatic conditions present in that part of the world, it can be said that guava is produced in desert areas and can withstand 6 months of drought.
▶ Credits: Britannica. – [Image of Public Domain]
This condition of drought which drives medium and small producers to cultivate this item for the marketing of the fruit where it will be consumed fresh or industrialized by consumers.
Therefore, in the following work we tried to explain the polymorphism (different forms) presented by the plants, the types of trichomes, numbers and types of stomata, the shape of the leaves which will allow us to calculate the water balance and determine which plant is suitable or not in this area for cultivation.
Following with the above, the establishment of germplasm banks is one of the most considerable ways of cultivating fruit trees, in this case as it is to cultivate plants of Psidium guajava, since it will allow us to evaluate and describe plants with their respective phenotype and genotype of each one of them.
Similarly with the germplasm banks we can have a reference point when comparing guava species in terms of resistance to pests and diseases, in addition to the behavior and production of its fruits in the area which is intended to implement, also this allows us to propagate plants to different departments of Colombia in order to successfully increase the production of guava so that we can integrate the demand of consumers and make the producer is motivated to better exploit their land with this item.
NOTE: Reference material.