Officially speaking: The stars on the flag of the European Union (EU) symbolize unity, solidarity, and harmony among the peoples of Europe. The number of stars (12) is not related to the number of member countries but was chosen as a symbol of perfection, completeness, and unity. The number 12 holds historical and cultural significance in many traditions, often associated with wholeness (for example, 12 months in a year, 12 zodiac signs, etc.).

The official explanation provided by the Council of Europe emphasizes that the 12 stars represent an ideal of unity, regardless of the number of EU member states. The stars are arranged in a circle, symbolizing the unity and equality of all European peoples.