Hello dear friend
My self Shahnawaz Hussain, I am Teacher. Today I want to share very important topic
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The history of India starts with the existence of India itself as It located in the continent of Asia, India covers 2,973,193 square kilometers of land and 314,070 square kilometers of water. It the 7th largest nation in the world with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometers. Surrounded by Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh to the North East, China to the North, Pakistan to the North West, and Sri Lanka on the South East coast.
India is a land of ancient civilizations. India's social, economic, and cultural configurations are the products of a long process of regional expansion. Indian history begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of the Aryans. These two phases are usually described as the pre-Vedic and Vedic age. Hinduism arose in the Vedic period.
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Scholars and historians refer to the period when Aryans first settled in India as the Early Vedic Period (ie., 1500-1000 BC). Between 1000 BC to 500 BC when iron had come to be used, it is believed that Aryans followed the course of the rivers and settled along the ald valley of the Yamuna and the Ganga. The a. n iron tools helped them to clear the forests. They moved in the eastward and the south- eastward directions. Aryans, so far nomadic in nature, gradually settled in the Gangetic valley. This period is known as the Later Vedic Age. d (1000 BC to 500 BC). The culture of the period e is referred to as the Vedic culture because it was based on the Vedic texts.
SOURCES
A. LITERARY SOURCES
The Vedic texts may be divided into two broad chronological groups: the Early Vedic texts (1500-1000 BC) when most of the hymns of the Rig Veda were composed; and the Later Vedic texts (1000-500 BC) to which belong the remaining Vedas and their branches (Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, etc.) The two periods correspond to the two phases of Aryan expansion in India.The Vedic literature was written in Sanskrit. The term, Veda' has been derived from the Sanskrit word, 'vid' which means knowledge
Vedic literature is divided into two parts, namely the Shruti and the Smnti. It is believed that the Shruti was revealed to the sages by God and they passed on that knowledge orally from generation to generation. On the other hand, Smriti literature was composed by the Rishis.
The Vedic literature can be classified into the following categories:
(1) The four Vedas, ie., the Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva Vedas and their Samhitas.
(ii) The Brahmanas attached to each Samhita
(iii) The Aranyakas
(iv) The Upanishads.
(A) Details in Rig veda
The Rig Veda: It is the oldest religious text in
the world and is, therefore, known as the first testament of mankind'. It is divided into 10 mandalas. It is said to have been composed during the early Vedic Period. The hymns are dedicated by the sages to Gods. They were passed on orally from teachers to their disciples. The Rig Vedic hymns are the authentic sources of knowledge of the life of people of the time Much of the Indian philosophy is based on the Rig Veda. It also contains the famous 'Gaya mantra.
(B) Sama veda
The Sama Veda: The term, 'Sama' mea 'Sweet Song' or 'the melody'. In this Veda, so of the hymns are borrowed from the Rig V The hymns in Sama Veda were meant to sung at the time of the sacrifice .
iii) The Yajur Veda: It deals with hymns recited during the performance of Yajnas. The hymns in this Veda throw light on the social and religious life of the Aryans.
(iv) The Atharva Veda: The hymns contained in this Veda deal with magic and charm. Most of the hymns are taken from the Rig Veda. Besides the powers of spirits, the hymns deal with gyan (knowledge), karma (action) and upasana (invocation). Some hymns also deal with medicines for the treatment of various diseases.