Mohenjo-Daro (meaning “Mound of the Dead”) is one of the oldest and most important cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in Sindh, Pakistan. It shows how advanced people were over 4,500 years ago.
LOCATION
Near: Larkana, Sindh
River: Indus River
Discovered: 1922 by R. D. Banerji
🕰️ Historical Period
Built around: 2500 BCE
Civilization: Indus Valley (Harappan Civilization)
UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 1980)
🏗️ City Planning & Architecture
Mohenjo-Daro was very well planned, even better than many modern cities.
🔹 Town Planning
Streets laid out in grid pattern
Houses made of baked bricks
Separate upper town (Citadel) and lower town
🔹 Drainage System
Covered drains along roads
Each house had a bathroom connected to drains
🛁 Important Structures
Great Bath
Large public bathing tank
Probably used for religious or ritual purposesGranary
Used to store grains
Indicates organized food systemAssembly Hall
Possibly used for meetingsResidential Houses
Multi-room houses
Some had courtyards and wells
🧑🌾 Lifestyle & Economy
People were farmers, traders, and craftsmen
Trade with Mesopotamia
Used standard weights and measures
🎨 Art & Artifacts
Seal of Pashupati (proto-Shiva figure)
Dancing Girl statue (bronze)
Pottery, jewelry, tools, seals with undeciphered script
🛐 Religion & Beliefs
Worship of mother goddess
Importance of water and cleanliness
No large temples found
⭐ Importance of Mohenjo-Daro
One of the world’s earliest urban centers
Advanced sanitation and planning
Shows peaceful and organized society